Monday, August 24, 2020

beethoven5 essays

beethoven5 expositions Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 Choral' The ninth Symphony is a stunning bit of music. From the moderate opening, to its speedy climb to a ground-breaking conflict of instruments, the whole piece is enrapturing. The amazing part about the whole piece is that from the earliest starting point as far as possible there is a differentiation among delicate and noisy, continually dueling for time. Either there is a solid controlling component going through the music or there is a delicate simple song. The dualism between the more profound instruments playing rather than the gentler woodwinds makes for an intriguing tune in. Each time that I have tuned in to this piece I am continually hearing various pieces that I had not heard the time previously. The difficulty I have had with the piece is that I make some hard memories tuning in to the piece in general. Rather I wind up hearing either the high pieces or the low pieces, as opposed to having the option to catch the two together as interconnected pieces. However, with the passages that I have had the option to associate the two sections, their disparities help join them into an unbelievable bit of music. From the beginning of the ensemble, apparently the whole piece is based around the end, being Ode to Joy. It appears as though everything is simply preparing to incorporate and work with the peak. There being littler peaks en route, yet generally it is exclusively setting up the audience for Ode to Joy. The energizing part about the whole piece is that at no time does the audience become quieted into the music and become pulled back from the music, rather the audience is consistently mindful to the music pausing and anticipating the following note or arrangement of notes, considering what the author and conductor have coming up. This piece by Rossini is a somewhat mischievous bit of music. Generally the audience is placed into a place that the whole piece will be somewhat melodic and tranquil, however in an in ... <!

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Ignorance and Demand for Liability Insurance

Question: Talk about the Ignorance and Demand for Liability Insurance. Answer: Presentation: A shop that invites individuals to purchase their items has an obligation to guarantee they are sensibly protected. On the off chance that a client falls in the store because of an irrational condition, the person in question can guarantee for injury against the store. On account of Tamara and Aldi Supermarket, for instance, Tamara is a devoted client to the store. Be that as it may, one Saturday morning as Tamara was running towards the most distant finish of the confectionary path, she slips on a softened dessert and falls, whereupon she crushes her spirit. Thus, Tamara goes through a while recuperating in clinic with general harms alone in abundance of $700,000. Presently, she needs to sue Aldi Supermarket for the carelessness of her misfortunes, however Aldi Supermarket can demonstrate that it has a part who cleans the path after like clockwork. Consequently, what follows in this conversation is the lawful necessity on carelessness distortion and further an investigation of what Tamara ought to do in her circumstance. Lawful Requirement in a Negligent Misrepresentation Action In instances of careless distortion, the conventional laws of carelessness apply. In any case, the offended party, for this situation, Tamara, must demonstrate three things in the activity: the respondent owes her an obligation of care; she confronted harm or monetary misfortune; the litigant went underneath the important standard of care. The Duty of Care As per Fleming, the obligation of care is a commitment, perceived by law, to maintain a strategic distance from direct laden with absurd danger of peril to other people (Sadler, 2009, p.19). At the point when the offended party faces unadulterated financial misfortune, it turns out to be very hard for that person (Velasco, 2015, p.648). This is the place the contentions dependent on indeterminacy get played out. The obligation of care idea shows that the courts imagined that the two gatherings the offended party and the litigant (Tamara and Aldi Supermarket separately) must be in a closeness or proximity (Kangoh, 2016, p.273). As indicated by Lord Atkin, in his discourse Donoghue v Stevenson, this relationship is known as a neighbor. Atkin says that You should take sensible consideration to dodge acts or oversights which you can sensibly anticipate would probably harm your neighbor (Sadler, 2009, p.19). A neighbor, for this situation, is the individual who is intently and legitimatel y influenced by different people acts. On the off chance that the offended party endured individual injury, at that point the court experiences no difficulty in finding that the obligation of care exists (Greiner, 2014, p.530). The idea of the harm, hence, shows that at once there was a physical closeness between the two gatherings. Notwithstanding, if the harm has a simply financial misfortune, it turns out to be difficult for the court to show that there was an adequate connection between the gatherings for the foundation of the obligation of care. Standard of Care Standard of care is additionally called the extent of obligation. It is the carelessness part of a carelessness activity. A respondent is relied upon to show a sensible standard of care, as is Aldi Supermarket. As indicated by the goal measures, the suitable standard of sensible consideration is the standard which ought to have been reached by the law, and not as indicated by the litigant. On the off chance that the denounced doesn't arrive at the expert norms, it infers that the person in question has not arrived at the necessary standard of care (Sadler, 2009, p.23). Notwithstanding, consistence with the acknowledged norms doesn't really suggest that the litigant gets absolved from risk. Harm Another component that Tamara needs to demonstrate to the court is that she experienced harm the careless activity of Aldi Supermarket. In light of causation in precedent-based law, Tamara must show that Aldi Supermarket added to her misfortune. In any case, carelessness of the litigant may not be the main source of misfortune (Hamer, 2014, p.162; Pagura, 2015, p.255). The misfortune could likewise happen if the litigant isn't careless. In such manner, at that point the litigant isn't held obligated for the offended parties misfortunes. The however for test is utilized to decide such circumstances (Sadler, 2009, p.24). The down to earth restrictions of this test are that: (1) the test holds that there was no reason for the injury in spite of having free and adequate reasons for the mishap that brought about injury. (2) For the situation of a supplanting occasion between the careless activity of the respondent and the injury to the offended party, the court settle this judicially by j oining the yet for and the sound judgment test. On the off chance that the litigants carelessness made injury the offended party, the offended party gets just remunerated where the harm was sensibly predictable. As indicated by the Civil Liability Act, on the Scope of Liability,' the results to a litigant are sensibly predictable in the event that they lead to genuine hazard which a sensible man would forestall (Bajtelsmit Thistle, 2009, p.110). Investigation Tamara slipped, fell and got harmed in Aldi Supermarket. This is sufficient to permit her to have a substantial case against the business. The explanation behind this is as referenced before: organizations have an obligation to guarantee their clients are sensibly sheltered (Zipursky, 2015, p.2142). In any case, having a substantial lawful case isn't generally smooth in light of the fact that the offended party has a commitment to demonstrate to the Court that the slip and fall were because of dangerous conditions in the store. Other than that, the store will just have an obligation to remunerate the client relying upon pfarticular realities about the mishap, however not founded on the basic conditions that may cause slip and fall in such stores. Along these lines, the lawful obligation of the business relies upon whether it ought to have sensibly seen the risky condition yet neglected to make the necessary move to fix it. Nonetheless, being that Aldi can demonstrate to the Court that it has a part who reviews and cleans the passageway after at regular intervals, at that point it is apparent that the store exhibits a sensible standard of care. In addition, as per causation, the yet for and the sound judgment tests, Tamaras injury couldn't be because of Aldis carelessness. There is a high possibility that she could in any case get harmed even without the issue of carelessness since it was morning and she was running quick to get the rest of the chocolate bar. In this manner, on account of Tamara v Aldi Supermarket, Aldi isn't subject for Tamaras misfortunes. In that capacity, Tamara ought not continue with the case. Reference List Bajtelsmit, V, Thistle, P 2009, 'Carelessness, Ignorance and the Demand for Liability Insurance,' Geneva Risk Insurance Review, 34, 2, pp. 105-116. Greiner, R 2014, 'Natural Duty of Care: From Ethical Principle Towards a Code of Practice for the Grazing Industry in Queensland (Australia),' Journal of Agricultural Environmental Ethics, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 527-547. Hamer, D 2014, ''Factual causation' and 'extent of risk': What's the distinction?', Modern Law Review, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 155-188. Kangoh, L 2016, 'Hazard avoidance, the Hand Rule, and Comparison between Strict Liability and the Negligence Rule,' Review Of Law Economics, 12, 2, pp. 261-274. Pagura, I 2015, 'Carelessness: What you have to know,' Journal of the Australian Traditional-Medicine Society, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 254-256. Sadler, P 2009, Liability for Negligent Misrepresentation in the Finance Industry.' first ed. [ebook] School of Business Law and Taxation, pp.17-25. Accessible at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/diaries/LegIssBus/2009/3.pdf [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Velasco, J 2015, 'A Defense of the Corporate Law Duty of Care,' Journal of Corporation Law, 40, 3, pp. 647-703. Zipursky, BC 2015, 'Sensibility In And Out Of Negligence Law,' University Of Pennsylvania Law Review, 163, 7, pp. 2131-2170.

The Historical Importance of Orville Wright

The Historical Importance of Orville Wright Why Is Orville Wright Important?: Orville Wright was one-portion of the avionics pioneers known as the Wright Brothers. Along with his sibling Wilbur Wright, Orville Wright left a mark on the world with the first-since forever heavier than air, kept an eye on, fueled trip in 1903. Orville Wright: Childhood Orville Wright was conceived on August 19, 1871, in Dayton, Ohio. He was the fourth offspring of Bishop Milton Wright and Susan Wright. Religious administrator Wright was prone to bring little toys home to his kids subsequent to going on chapel business and it was one of these toys that Orville Wright credited for his initial enthusiasm for flight. It was the smaller than usual Penaud helicopter that Milton Wright acquired home 1878, a famous mechanical toy. In 1881, the Wright family moved to Richmond, Indiana, where Orville Wright took up kite building. In 1887, Orville Wright began at Dayton Central High School, notwithstanding, he never graduated. Enthusiasm for Printing Orville Wright cherished the paper business. He distributed his first paper along with his companion Ed Sines, for their eighth-grade class. By sixteen, Orville worked summers in a print shop, where he structured and assembled his own press. On March 1, 1889, Orville Wright started distributing the brief West Side News, a week by week paper for West Dayton. Wilbur Wright was the manager and Orville was the printer and distributer. The Bicycle Shop In 1892, the bike had gotten well known in America. The Wright Brothers were both amazing bicyclists and bike mechanics and they chose to begin a bike business. They sold, fixed, structured, and assembling of their own line of hand-manufactured, specially made bikes, first the Van Cleve and the Wright Special, and later the more affordable St Clair. The Wright Brothers kept their bike shop until 1907, and it was fruitful enough to support their flight investigate. The Study of Flight In 1896, German flight pioneer, Otto Lilienthal passed on while testing his most recent single-surface lightweight plane. In the wake of perusing broadly and considering winged creature flight and Lilienthals work, the Wright siblings were persuaded that human flight was conceivable and chosen to direct their very own few examinations. Orville Wright and his sibling started exploring different avenues regarding wing structures for a plane, a biplane that could be guided by distorting the wings. This trial urges the Wright siblings to continue with developing a flying machine with a pilot. Airbourne: December 17, 1903 On this day Wilbur and Orville Wright made the primary free, controlled, and supported trips in a force driven, heavier-than-air machine. The primary flight was guided by Orville Wright at 10:35 A.M., the plane remained twelve seconds noticeable all around and flew 120 feet. Wilbur Wright guided the longest flight that day in the fourth test, fifty-nine seconds noticeable all around and 852 feet. After Wilbur Wrights Death in 1912 Following Wilburs passing in 1912, Orville conveyed their heritage alone towards an energizing future. Be that as it may, the hot new field of aeronautics business demonstrated unpredictable, and Orville sold the Wright organization in 1916. He assembled himself an aviation research center and came back to what had made he and his sibling so renowned: creating. He additionally remained dynamic in the open eye, advancing air transportation, imagining, and the memorable first flight that he made. On April 8, 1930, Orville Wright got the main Daniel Guggenheim Medal, granted for his extraordinary accomplishments in flying. The Birth of NASA Orville Wright was one of the establishing individuals from NACA otherwise known as National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Orville Wright served on NACA for a long time. NASA otherwise known as National Aeronautics and Space Agency was made from the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1958. Orville Wrights Death On January 30, 1948, Orville Wright kicked the bucket in Dayton, Ohio, at 76 years old. The home Orville Wright lived in from 1914 until his demise, he and Wilbur arranged the plan of the house together, yet Wilbur died before its consummation.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Discuss the two major approaches to stress management. Identify and Essay

Examine the two significant ways to deal with pressure the executives. Distinguish and portray one case of every procedure - Essay Example This methodology isn't supported since it makes an endless loop of pressure, which prompts use of more prescription and at last increasingly mental weakening. The non-clinical methodology deals with three segments, the body, the soul, and the psyche. It is an all encompassing methodology and guarantees that all parts of the focused on individual are dealt with beginning from recognizing the wellspring of stress, the degree, or seriousness of stress and at last assuming responsibility or control of the issue. The different methods utilized incorporate psychotherapy where an individual experiences meetings of guiding so as to reestablish energy consolation and expectation during intense occasions. Other normal choices incorporate fragrance based treatment, homeopathy, kneading, and reflexology. What's more, positive self-talk, setting aside a few minutes for no particular reason for the focused on people, unwinding, work out, and sound taking care of propensities are different other options. Significant, various individuals react diversely to pressure and there is no old style or single technique for all. Individuals are accordingly urged to analyze the distinctive accessible techniques of stress

Monday, July 20, 2020

Stress Management Techniques for Healthy Living

Stress Management Techniques for Healthy Living Stress Management Management Techniques Print Stress Management Techniques for Healthy Living By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on June 24, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Joshua Hodge Photography / E+ / Getty Images Many people don’t think about stress management unless they’re already on the verge of burnout. With our busy lives, it doesn’t always seem obviously important to take on the practice of stress management before a worn-out body or an overly taxed psyche force the issue. However, developing healthy stress-relieving habits really does pay off in the long run. Not only does a regular stress management practice stave off the negative effects of stress, but it can also bring positive outcomes like increased productivity, better health and more happiness in general. Positive Effects of Stress Management The following are some reasons why: Your Health: Excessive stress really can lead to poor health outcomes, from relatively minor things like headaches and digestion problems in the short run to major conditions like heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke after years of unmanaged stress.  Your Looks: Many stress relievers can also make you healthier and even more attractive. For example, taking care of your body by getting enough sleep can make you more productive and healthier, and can help you better manage stress, as well as staving off dark circles under the eyes and a poor complexion. Also, eating right can keep your blood sugar levels even, keeping your emotions in check and making you more resilient to stress, as well as helping you stay in your ‘skinny jeans’ or favorite tee-shirts from college. Getting regular exercise can help you blow off steam when you’re frustrated and keep your body fit and toned.Increased Productivity: Simply put, when you’re not stressed, you can be more productive because you’re more focused. Therefore, it really pays to keep stress to a minimum. Certain stress relief habits naturally make you more productive. Power napping, for example, can help you catch up on sleep and be more focused and productive, making less sleep stretch further. Being organized can also help you save time and money in the long run, reducing stress and helping you to be more productive in virtually every area of your life. Even limiting caffeine can help, improving your sleep and helping you feel less stressed at the end of the day. Finally, having the right attitude is actually a habit that can be learned. Being an optimist can benefit you in many areas of your life, helping you let failures roll off your back and actually enabling you to achieve more!  Your Happiness: Some stress relief practices just bring more joy. If you want to enjoy life more, you’ll want to adopt some of these stress relievers, and the fun will come more easily. Caring for pets, enjoying music, d ancing while you clean, working more laughter into your life, maintaining a supportive circle of friends, and even having sex are all fun activities that double as great stress relievers for various reasons. Read more about them and how they can help you, and remind yourself that you’re never too busy to include these activities in your lifestyleâ€"they’re stress management techniques!Your Stress Levelsâ€"Of Course!: The desire to avoid walking around feeling stressed-out is, in itself, a good reason to bone up on stress management. Certain general techniques that primarily just relieve stress (rather than serving some secondary function) are more than worth adopting because, when you’re less stressed, you enjoy life more. Some of the best stress management techniques available include meditation, journaling, PMR, guided imagery, and good old breathing exercises. Read more about the benefits of each, and choose a few to try, and you won’t have to let stress sap you of energy , productivity and enjoyment of life again! Putting in the effort to learn effective strategies for stress relief and low-stress living will pay off in the long run. Because of this, stress management is among the most important subjects to learn!

Saturday, June 27, 2020

Studying The Pollution In The Banking System Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The $100 billion question shows that a several big issues, which are being debate all over the time after a great depression. The pollution in the banking system resulted a lot of serious social cost and the governments are trying to tackling them by different ways. In fact, there is too hard to find perfect solution for this issue. The cost of the banking pollution is the systemic risk, which is often ignoring by the banks and financial institutions. The systemic risk is being ignored because of the natural humanity of the people. People always more concern about the private benefit and the private cost of themselves. The bankers are not the exception. They only see the benefit and the risk inside their banks, and never concern about the systemic risk because if they do so, they will think about what is the benefit for them. Therefore, the governments have to act as the role to sort it out. The banking crisis is the retribution to the banks for generated the banking poll ution through those products and financial services. But unfortunately, problem had become the social cost and encumbered the innocent public. Nowadays, there are still have some of the people believe that market is always get it right because people usually rely on price and market sort everything out most of the time. They believe that the market is self-correcting, self-policing, and self-regulating. The invisible hand, is means by the self-regulating nature of the marketplace and it is the metaphor coined by the economist, Adam Smith. But, in fact, according to several of the real life market crisis, it seems like it doesnt always get it right. The market is not self-correcting, and we can see this point through the events of banks are not lending money to other banks the other consumers because they scare to take risk after the subprime crisis. The market doesnt get it right when there are externalities, which create the social cost that generated by the impact of an individ uals action to the innocent public. Sometimes, in the normal market system, something is affected but is not accounted on and consequently generated the social cost. Therefore, market cannot predict explicitly when disaster will happen in the market. By the reason of the market didnt realise the systemic risk, so they were keep doing that in a wrong way because they dont know it will going to harm the whole system. Therefore, the collective of the systemic risk create the banking bubble and the creator of the precedent might be the mortgage backed securities and the over lending bank. It was a triple A rating security and people feel safe to hold it and enjoyed the return that its paid whereas, the bankers over lending the loan in order to get more profit as they could, but they neglected to set aside of sufficient capital to reserve for the risk management. Hence, people got shock when subprime crisis exploded and most of them unable to survive in the climate change. The government regulatory should be balanced with the free market. The regulator should increase the capital requirement in the bank to overcome the lack of trust existing between the banks in order to achieve a greater balance government regulatory actions and the free market. Furthermore, the government should let the market sort it out by itself. Normally, people prefer the market sort it out by organizing the price system, but if we dont know what the price should be. If there is a small amount of extra pollution, then just dont produce any more than that. The social cost that generated by the banking by the banking pollutant should be mitigated. The government is the one, who responsible to consider the public benefit. Moreover, it plays a vital role in the regulation of banking system and securities that ensure the markets keep moving on. Therefore, government should step in to mitigate the problems that created by the banking system because it is the critical factor that to overcome the crisis with the market. There is too much pollution in the market and those pollution is immeasurable. Nowadays, the demand of the people is too much, so the bank took more risk to create more products to fulfil the customer demands and consequently make the banking system become more complicated. So, the intervention of government can stop them to avoid the increase in the systemic risk. But the Basel II, seem to be unuseful, because it set the level for the capital requirement is too low. Due to the lesser capital that set aside in the banks, the bank unable to cover the loss during crisis, because they are totally run out of fund. So, the government bailed out the bank to avoid the whole system break down, because if one of the banks is fail, the others will fail too. There is an interdependent relationship between the banks. If the bank fails, it will cumbrance the other bank too. Now, the Basel III has just came out, it is improved the regulations with the higher capital requi rement, stronger risk management strategic, and so on. The risk in the market is measurable whereas the uncertainty is cannot be measured. The example of the risk in the market is credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, and so on. Instead, the uncertainty is bigger, it may be has more serious effect to the market than the risk. For instance, the climate change for the market is uncertainty, because nobody knows when it going to happen and it always result in an enormous cost to the public. The systemic risk is the highly complexity and uncertainty, and it drove most of the crisis. Therefore, governments are struggling to depress the systemic risk in order to reduce the likelihood of the crisis by stopping the banks from taking the risky investment. One important dimension of the debate concerns the social costs of systemic risk. Determining the scale of these social costs provides a measure of the task ahead. It helps calibrate the intervention necessary to tackle syste mic risk, whether through regulation or restrictions. (Haldane, 2010:2) Thats means the social cost of systemic risk is very important and the scale of it needs to be measured out because it can helps in the intervention process as a criterion to tackle systemic risk, whether through regulation or restrictions. Normally, it is evaluating by either the fiscal or the foregone output costs of crisis and the past crisis cost is usually larger and permanent. Research by Haldane (2010) concluded that, the losses of the US is less than 1%of the US GDP and for UK, the direct cost may be less than  £20 billion, or a bit more than 1% of GDP. The 1% of GDP is seem to be a tiny part of the GDP, but for the taxpayers, who are paying tax to bail out the banking system, is seem to be an astronomical number because 1% of the UK GDP is almost  £20 billion. They may never get this amount in their life. For US, the losses are currently estimated to be around $100 billion, and that means the taxpay ers had to pay for $100 billion out. The US population is about 300 million, and then each of them has to pay about 333 US Dollar. Actually, the losses of GDP could be lost it forever because of the time value of money. After a few years, the losses of UK GDP divide by discount rate, it might be few hundred billion pound losses. For example, assumes that the GDP after 10 years can be 120% of the current GDP, if the GDP didnt loss, the actual GDP after 10 years will be 130%. So, they are actually lost 10% of GDP. The collapsed of bank led to the collapsed of the GDP because the banks role is to lend money to keep all the things moving on, if the bank collapse, means the lending resources collapse too and consequently the GDP collapse. Subsidy that government paid to banks is the financial assistance to the banks and that is the way how government to secure the banking system stability. How the losses of the banks could reach the amount of $100 billion? That is because the implied government subsidy to the banks didnt counted into the cost of the bail out. For instance, if the government guarantee or protect everybody that lending money to the banks, then the investors will feel safe and that is not risky than they thought. Therefore, they think maybe they shouldnt charge 5% interest to the bank, and go to 4.5% because if the banks fail, the government will pay to them. The indirect subsidy import by government has reduced the cost of borrowing and consequently the banks make more profit because they are borrowing at a lower rate and lending at a higher rate and those profit actually is based on the subsidies. Hence, the actual subsidy should including the indirect subsiding in the evaluation of the fiscal cost. In essence, subsidies have many unintended consequences which can be damaging to the markets environment and social equality. Sometimes, too much of the subsidies are paid, they might create the imbalance in the free market and lead to the market unab le to correct by itself. Consequently, the banks are being too relied on the subsidies from government and they are taking more risk for the higher return, because they know that government will cope with the problem when they are trapping in the hot water. Banks shouldnt be over winked and shielded, and the government should set a limit to the subsidies according to the banks size. The credit rating agencies are the proxies to evaluate the rating of the banks that use to refer by the government to decide the amount of subsidies need to inject. In additions, they also provide the support and independent of credit rating to the bank. Nonetheless, the public had doubt about the ability of credit rating agencies after the subprime crisis in US. Investors trusted credit rating agencies to issue accurate and impartial credit ratings, but that trust was broken in the recent financial crisis, according to Levin (2007 cited in Dayen, 2010:online) That is because the mortgage backed loan that the credit rating agencies rated it as a triple A security was default. The credit rating agencies rated the mortgage backed loan based on the past data and neglected the higher underlying risk of it. The government should intervene in the credit rating to ensure the independent, accuracy of the rating and no frauds exist in the rating process. Research by Haldane (2010) concluded that, the bigger size of bank, the more subsidies are needed and over the past century, the subsidies that supported to bank just like an up-only escalator. The bigger banks have to dealing with the more complicated market that related to the moral hazard, economic specialization, and monetary theory. The complicated banking system consist a lot of underlying risk that the banks cant cope with and they dont even know those existing risk. Hence, the bigger bank, the bigger risks they take. The UK government choose to tax them in order to repair the damage that the banks created during crisis. I dont think merely raising the fees or capital on large institutions or taxing them is enough theyll absorb that, theyll work with that, and its totally inefficient and theyll still be using the savings., according to Greenspan(2009 cited in Wikipedia, 2010:online) Thats mean, levy tax on the banks is not an effective way to the problem because even though their profit is lesser, but they still can taking a higher risk to earn it back by investing more, or they can still using the savings from depositor. It is seems to be insensible, because the banks allowed to invest in the risky investment and if any failure appear, the government will support them through subsidies. In essence, government should cut down the size of the bank, which is considered too big to fail. The issue of Should government tax or prohibit the banks? is being debate hotly in the world. Taxation solution is to ensure the banks making a fair contribution for social cost that they made, which pose the potential ri sks to the financial system and the economy. Moreover, it can create higher buffer of capital and the liquid asset to ensure the banks able to recover the losses by themselves. If government tax at the price to the bank, then they wont make risky decisions. Nonetheless, as a tradeoff for the holding higher capital and liquidity asset, the banks will reduce their profit and maybe put up the cost of the people, who is trying to borrow money from banks. Whereas, the prohibit solution is the restriction on the banks activities as well as the size of them and the structural reform of banking may take place. Furthermore, the activities of the banks will be separated in order to stop them from doing the activities that may cause the systemic risk. The complex system consist a lot of error and underlying risk. The system is interconnected, it is not about the individual unit, because the individuals mistake wont affect the bank much, but if one of the systems failed, it will affect the over all banking system. The separation of activities is to prevent all the things ruin once. Assumes that the banking system is a forest and the tree in the forest was plant separately, if the fire burn up the forest, it will not burn off the whole forest because of the fire breaks. The fail of the system can be affect by the outside attack or inside attack. For example of the inside attack is the remuneration system in the bank that create a lot of the individual errors. The prohibition can aid the system resilience because the separation of department can simplify the system, and they can fit together, the most important thing is, if one of them destroy, it cant affect the others. Maybe the government can separate all the section in a bank and eat section is manage by different company. Some of them can manage securities transaction, some of them of them can receive the deposits and lend it out and simplify some of the activities to create a robustness financial system. One of the pro hibitions benefits is diversify the risks and having diversity. The bank always does diversification and all of the banks diversify the risk exactly the same way because everything in the financial system actually is same. Hence, they do a lot of diversification but they are not diversity. Glass-Steagall Act is a restriction approach that established in year 1933 after the US stock market crisis and repealed in year 1999 because it created the barriers between the commercial bank and the investment bank, and the banks had a lower competitive situation than the foreign banks. The Glass-Steagall Act was over setting the restriction, and caused many people complaint about it. According to the Weitzmans theory, the economy just like environment and he described that the climate change as a disaster of the economy. The climate change in the economy is unpredictable. The factors that create the climate change are also indiscernible. The impact of it would be enormous and wider, the pub lic usually get shocked from it. The pollution that created by the banking system generated the systemic risk and consequently formed the bubble, and the bubble is uncertain because people dont know when it going to explode. Social cost will be increase aftermath of the climate change. Some of the people dont even care about the social cost, they just concern about their benefit, and that is one of the reasons created climate change. Bankers only see the risk in their bank, whereas the government see the whole banking system risk systemic risk, which is the main factor that led to the great depression. The government should check the level of the pollution and the possibility of the climate change in order to lower down the pollution before it is too late. If we dont know how serious of the pollution and unsure about that, then a small change may make the economy flip over. The banking developments are being grown faster in order to fulfil the demands of the people. One of the d evelopments should be the more capital and liquidity asset are required to hold than they otherwise would to reduce the leverage ratio of banks and avoid them to over taking the risk. The lesser fund that the bank can be used, the lesser ability that they can invest, and consequently lower the risks. Even though the banks profit will reduce the profit of the bank, but the government not only see the banks benefit, in fact, government see the bigger risk, which is system risk. Besides that, the banks have got bigger and many activities are combined and hence, the economies of scale can be achieved. The investment banks combined most of the activities and make a profit from it. That is because the investment bank dealing with the pension fund and the insurance companies even though they do not receive deposits but they still can get a lot of large amount of fund from those institutions. They are the part of shadow banking system and they are not regulated. The investment banks use tho se funds selling and buying the securities to make profit and create a market to selling or buying the securities too. So, they have to borrow some money too to organize the market place and they do act like a bank because they are borrow in short-term and lend out in long-term. Hence, they are also created the systemic risk and since they are not regulated and did not have capital requirements, therefore, they are under increasing scrutiny and regulations after the subprime meltdown in 2008. Securitization is one of the banking developments. It is process of an issuer use a financial instrument to repackage the financial asset and sell it to the investors. Banks lend out a loan, might sell as a bond to an investment bank get the cash back and lend the money to other different type company to diversify the risks. In addition, the bond is rated before it issue out. Nowadays, the financial system is complex and difficult to regulate it and a lot of the events show that it is still fragile. Everyone has been learned from the past crisis, and they are still struggling to reduce the likelihood of the crisis. Moreover, most of them havent recovered back from the crisis impact. The revolution should be taken and tried to jump out from the hot water because remain unchanged is just like it block the escape way by yourself. The reformation can help the banks able to survive when the climate change or to prevent the climate change. Nevertheless, the perfect way to sort it out is still need a longer time to figure it out. Furthermore, the $100billion question is still puzzled us.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Hrm Lincoln Electric Case - 1044 Words

Lincoln Electric Case Study Analysis Overview of the Case of Lincoln Electric Lincoln electric established consistent HRM policies to build trust. This has been true since inception. This long history promotes confidence in employees and surety of future reward. Workers average $17,600 per year on standard 32 hour work weeks. They are able to earn about this same amount again in bonuses. This system creates high productivity. Lincoln Electric operates on a system of equality, cooperation, and need. Each employee is given the same number of hours as others. When business slows, all workers reduce hours equally. When overtime is needed, this workload is also distributed without favor to the workers. Today, Lincoln Electric is the†¦show more content†¦At these meetings, employees are able to bring up any production issue or worker grievance. This improves the company culture. Furthermore, this employee participation makes the company locally responsive by mining worker’s direct production knowledge as well as input from the open market. Part of th e investment of the workers is their own input. When workers have a say in goal setting and policy, they work much harder, and for much greater duration, than employees who simply receive goals and targets from upper management. Additionally, one of the rewards of effort is image. Lincoln Electric’s proud heritage extends fully to the workers. CEO, chairman, and president of the company, John M. Stropki, gave credit to the employees in his August, 2010 television interview with Liz Claman on Fox Business. This creates a corporate culture of worth in employees, and a sense of pride. This pride has real value and is part of the â€Å"benefit† package at Lincoln Electric. Potential Problems with Introducing Lincoln Electrics HRM Practices into China Operations Introducing the same system in China should only be employed following careful analysis and planning for initial, short-term modifications. A key element of the reward bonus system is trust. In China, trust between the common worker and people in power falls far short of the trust a citizen of the United States has for those who sign paychecks. In the U.S.,Show MoreRelatedEssay Case Study of Lincoln Electric Company875 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Integrative Case: The Lincoln Electric Company Tony Slattery Everest University Abstract â€Å"We are a global manufacturer and the market leader of the highest quality welding, cutting and joining products. Our enduring passion for the development and application of our technologies allows us to create complete solutions that make our customers more productive and successful. We will distinguish ourselves through an unwavering commitment to our employees and a relentlessRead MoreThe Company s Overall Strategy1813 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction First established by John C Lincoln in 1895 in the United States of America, Lincoln Electric were solely committed to produce motors designed by its founder. Due to a combination of many efforts vision of the market and ambition of expanding its business activities, Lincoln Electric went on to became the biggest leading electrics manufacturers in the world. The present case study analyses the company’s overall strategy; philosophy; compensation methods; leadership style and communicationRead More Downsizing Essay2424 Words   |  10 Pagesworkforce – its most precious resource for growth and innovation. â€Å"Whoever retains organizational memory has a priceless asset. The people who know what make an organization perform maximally are assets not costs to be reduced† (Piturro 37). In many cases, employers lose money when they eliminate employees. Evan Schnade, representative of Patagonia, says employees are an investment. It takes a long time before an employee is fully trained. At Patagonia, Schnade notes that it usually takes up to a yearRead MoreHrm in Japan, Usa and Europe9900 Words   |  40 Pagesorganizations in a turbulent and a volatile business environment. More recently, the issue of whether to situate the HRM debate in the organizational or the international context has arisen. This is because organizational responses such as delayering, empowerment, work intensification, flexibility and redundancy appear to have gained as much weight as the macro-environmental drivers of HRM such as competition, technology, economic recession and political change. According to P innington and Edwards (2000)Read MoreRole of Cultural Factors in Shaping Human Resource Management6912 Words   |  28 Pages Human Resources Management (HRM) policies and practices that utilize the particular employees‟ potential to the fullest (Boxall Purcell, 2000; Grant, 1996). Thorough recruitment and selection processes, effective compensation systems, extensive training and development activities, adequate job satisfaction and employment security all impact positively on the overall business and performance of a corporation. It has also been found that if HRM is linked to the overall businessRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesResource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and Discipline 84 PART 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110Read MoreDevelopment of Bmw5406 Words   |  22 Pages2013). This will have a positive effect on the demand of BMW luxury cars because as you can see in the chart below, the average age of BMW owners is 49 years. In addition, the average age of a BMW 7-series owner is 51.7 year. Figure 6: With Lincoln, Ford Isnt in the Lap of Luxury. (Businessweek 2010) You may have also noticed that at least one major competitor of BMW also have the same averages drivers’ age. This will promote an even more intense competition between these two concerns becauseRead More Analysis Of The Success Of Cultural Change Within British Airways5971 Words   |  24 Pagesvalue on teamwork. Sethia and Glinow framework of defining culture describes this as an integrative culture reflecting a high concern for performance where people are treated in terms of respect for their contributions. (IBM, Hewlett-Packard, 3M, Lincoln Electric and Tandem are notable examples of integrative culture.) Awards were given with BA for excellence and an employee brainwave programme encouraged staff to put forward their ideas. This aided the cultural change in that it promoted an open environmentRead MoreAnalysis of the Success of Cultural Change Within British Airways6137 Words   |  25 Pagesvalue on teamwork. Sethia and Glinow framework of defining culture describes t his as an integrative culture reflecting a high concern for performance where people are treated in terms of respect for their contributions. (IBM, Hewlett-Packard, 3M, Lincoln Electric and Tandem are notable examples of integrative culture.) Awards were given with BA for excellence and an employee brainwave programme encouraged staff to put forward their ideas. This aided the cultural change in that it promoted an open environmentRead MoreA Case Study in Organisational Change Implication for Theory8390 Words   |  34 PagesA case study in organisational change: implications for theory Lindsay Nelson Introduction Organisation theory has developed through major epochs of classical, human relations and contingency approaches, all of which have contributed to the accumulation of knowledge about implementing change. The legacy of these approaches has been to regard organisational change as something of an aberration or a departure from the more usual static position of organisations. Hence, for example, Lewin’ s (1951)

Monday, May 18, 2020

Analyzing The Electromechanical Valve And The Benefits...

CAMLESS ENGINES AND THE BENEFITS THEY PRODUCE The authors of the reviewed article are: Marcello Montanari, Fabio Ronchi, Carlo Rossi, and Alberto Tonielli, all of whom are members of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). Marcello Montanari received the Laurea degree in computer science, engineering, and a Ph.D. in automatic control from the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, in 1999 and 2003. Since 2000, he has been with the Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems (DEIS), University of Bologna. His current research interests include applied nonlinear and adaptive control techniques, electric drives, and automotive systems. His co-authors are also graduates of the University of Bologna and are members†¦show more content†¦SUMMARY In Montanari’s article first, he addresses and formulates the problem. Second, he creates a mathematical model of the system, and analyzes the requirements for the controlled system. Third, he completes the position reconstruction and the analysis of the sensors. Lastly the reference of trajectories for the pistons, to ensure the stability of the system, is completed. After all this Montanari proposes a control system architecture for the position control of an electromechanical valve actuator. There are two key parts of the controller, specifically, the position reconstruction, and the reference trajectory design. Both of these have been addressed, and the resulting limitations on the system’s dynamic performance explained. Knowledge of these limitations is essential when integrating a valve actuation system within the internal combustion engine management system. Hence, the results presented in this paper are an important step toward the realization of a Camless engin e with electromechanical actuators for commercial vehicles. Camless engines offer a lot of improvements over traditional engines in efficiency, maximum torque and power, and emissions. Electromechanical valve (EMV) actuators are a great way to solve this problem, but electromechanical valves have major

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Analysis Of The Argument Back Off, Dress Codes - 1423 Words

Analysis of an Argument: Back Off, Dress Codes. This is Not Your Call. When analyzing an argument, a reader must be able to think critically about what the author is taking about, and whether the facts and ideas are reliable and well written out. To write an argument the author must be able to persuade the audience into agreeing with what they have to say on a topic. In articles such as Karen Mangiacotti’s article, â€Å"Back Off, Dress Codes. This is Not Your Call,† it is important for the reader to be able to put both their own knowledge and the knowledge presented to them to decide how accurate the writing is. When making a decision about the validity of the authors writing, one must make sure that there are no fallacies, or over uses of appeals. In Karen Mangiacotti’s article â€Å"Back off, Dress Codes. This Is Not Your Call,† Mangiacotti uses significant facts and statements to argue that school dress codes are sexist that ultimately humiliate young women; and by analyzing the author’s tone and pointed sexism toward women in the article, Mangiacotti’s article becomes less convincing to an audience that the dress code is bad, due to the way that she sets up the article. Mangiacotti’s article has five main points that she stresses, which also helps to support her thesis of, â€Å"And, make no mistake: dress codes are increasingly becoming an excuse for sexualizing women and disgracing young girls for the apparent pleasure of those in power.† Her main arguments are: to stopShow MoreRelatedUniforms--One Less Distraction Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesrestricting their creativity (Knechtle, Mitchell 487). Ann Bodine, in her ethnographic study, defines that clothing on students as a â€Å"screen on which are projected all kinds of beliefs, anxieties and aspirations† (60). The manner how a student chooses to dress is obviously much more than an expression of personal statement or style. It is a mode to communicate and convey to the world where one fits according to socioeconomic status, in-groups, as well as other factors that can marginalize students who don’tRead MoreSchool Dress Codes: Good or Restraining? Essays2330 Words   |  10 PagesSchool Dress Codes Final Paper As the society that we live in today grows and becomes more accepting of the different ways people act, groom, and dress, we look to expand the policies we have in place in our schools regarding the ways our students are allowed to present themselves in the classroom. Each different school has their own dress code that they expect their students to follow. Most private schools require that students wear a uniform to school they also have regulations on what type ofRead MorePros and Cons School Uniform1515 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of school uniforms is familiar to many European schools and private schools within the United States. However, much more attention to the controversy over school uniforms arose when a significant movement began in the 1980s to introduce dress codes within public schools in the United States. . â€Å"In 1996, approximately three percent of all schools in the United States had a school uniform policy (Gentile amp; Imberman, 2009).† How Society Views Uniforms During the 1996 State of the Union AddressRead MoreFrance Bans the Muslim Burqa and Veil Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagesexample when I entered high school, boys and girls were prohibited from wearing loose clothing which includes shirts, pants, sweaters, etc. It was said that the use of â€Å"loose-fitting clothes [can be used to] better hide weapons and drugs† (Why Dress Codes and Why Now?). Thus, just like a school system enforced that law to protect their students, a country uses it to protect their people. France does not only move towards public safety, they also move towards women’s rights which they feel have beenRead MoreDid the Events of 9/11 Influence the Perception of How People View the Hijab?5598 Words   |  23 Pages Did the events of 9/11 influence the perception of how people view the Hijab? In todays world, the media influences many issues across the world. One of the issues that occurs is the Hijab in both the Western and Islamic worlds. There is many arguments about the hijab, Islam points towards its postive and good points whereas the media can imply it as otherwise. This contradicts the opinions and views that Muslims in the past and today have towards the Hijab. But before we start to investigateRead MoreFashion Retail Management3781 Words   |  16 Pagesorg) Figure 1: Integrated functions of Retail Operations Manager Retail Operations provides an integrated platform for the complex scenario modeling, planning, budgeting, and forecasting needed in retail operations management. Analysis and reports on critical information, such as past operational effectiveness, development costs, and projected revenue lift, help retail operations management to make informed decisions rapidly in the face of changing market conditions. StreamlinedRead MoreGoal Setting and Overcoming Immunity to Change2738 Words   |  11 Pagesexamples of how to recognize the Order of Mind based on the subject-object relationship. It was not surprising to recognize that I was heavily embedded in the Socialized Mind or the Third Order of Mind. The unexpected detail about this process and analysis of my ITC and CDT was that my work environment was influencing me more negatively than I was willing to examine. Failing to be more efficient was a fraction of my time management quandary. Not understanding how I was making meaning o f my experiencesRead MoreEuropean Negotiations2374 Words   |  10 Pagesmembers Mr. Picard does when going on the business trip, the business discussion brought up at social events, the duration of these social events, the difference between way and duration of making decisions by both parties and also the casualty of dress code of Mr. Picard. The Intercultural verbal communication problems are exemplified by the absence of basic knowledge of French greetings and courtesy titles by the Americans, the wrong perception of the business issues discussion, the light conversationsRead MoreLittle Do They Know : The World Of Advertising3080 Words   |  13 Pagesmake it a reality. The target audience that the advertisers are looking to receive their message are people that can relate to the image they are portraying – young adults. That isn’t to say however that their intended advertising affects don’t rub off on other groups, or ages either. Teenagers can see this ad and look at Jose Cuervo as their ticket into their first love, sex, or answer to the stresses of growing up. It is well known that the legal age of drinking in the US is 21. In the eyes of theRead MoreLidl : Surveillance Case Study Essay5241 Words   |  21 Pageswill be presented and scrutinized in this essay. The media source of the article is The Guardian which presents the occurring matters in a very negative light. However, the merging topics I will be using to provide impartial insight and further analysis into the subjects at hand are that of: stress at work, ethics and organizational culture. As mentioned above, to further understand the article and the issues within it, it is useful to explore it through focus of stress at work. Cartwright

Bullying Is A Non Physical Form Of Workplace - 1129 Words

Workplace bullying is defined as repeated, unreasonable actions, that are intended to intimidate, degrade, humiliate or undermine and which create a risk to health or safety. Sadly, workplace bullying is very common, especially for women. According to a 2014 Workplace Bullying Institute survey, 37 million U.S. workers reported being subjected to â€Å"abusive conduct.† What’s more, 69% of the bullies are men (commonly in managerial positions) and 60% of the victims are women. I am sure many of us can remember bullies on the playground, but did not consider we would find bullies in the workplace. Bullying is a non-physical form of workplace violence. Behaviors of bullies can be subtle such as gossip, social isolation, or teasing. They†¦show more content†¦Bullying causes stress, anxiety and a lowered resistance to such things as colds, coughs, flue and fever. Other reported symptoms such as: high blood pressure, migraine headaches, pains in the back and chest, hormone disturbances, irritable bowel syndrome, stomach ulcers, and skin irritations. Other reactions may include emotional distress, anxiety, panic attacks, sleep disturbances, impaired concentration at work, low self-esteem, or reduced work performance. Workplace bullying also affects employees who witness it. They may feel unhappy or stressed about the work culture. They may feel guilty because they know the behavior is wrong but feel unable to handle it or fearful to get involved to try and stop it. Workplace bullying affects the overall health of an organization! Individuals who are bullied spend a great deal of their time trying to gain support and defend themselves from the bullying, time that would otherwise be spent working. Often there is increased absenteeism and turnover, increased accidents, lower quality customer service, higher costs for employee assistance programs and decreased motivation and morale. It is important to clarify that just because your supervisor may be tough or demanding does not necessarily make him/her a bully. However, workplace bullying is often more than simply an interpersonal conflict; it can be a systemic problem that is the result of a poor workplace culture. All members of a workplace, including

The Stranger vs the Awakening Free Essays

In the novel The Stranger the main character Numerals is a male indifferent to society and seems to care about absolutely nothing. Even when his mother dies he is indifferent about it, the only thing he can have any feelings for at all is the nagging heat of the sun at the funeral. He even begins an affair with his mistress Marie the day after the funeral, clearly thinking about sex, which is very important to him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stranger vs the Awakening or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Marie asks Numerals to marry her he says he could care less either way, which is a blatant sign of careless and emotionless thoughts. It is not until Numerals is imprisoned and sentenced to death does he begin to realize how much he likes his life. HE tells the reader that he sizes the ocean and craves sex and cigarettes, which is the first time he ever has a want or show of emotion towards anything. The Chaplin offers Numerals freedom and life if he will believe God, but of course Numerals will not give in and go against his beliefs. Just before the machine of society cuts him from existence, Numerals laughs in their face showing strength and victory. In The Awakening the main character Is Edna who is dissatisfied with her marriage and motherhood. She finds herself as a person and acts on her desire for sex and emotional connection with her newfound love Robert. There Is a gradual disconnection between Edna and her husband as the novel moves forth, yet Edna begins to slowly become more Independent and free willing at the same time. Her desires and blatant rebellion against the rules of society overwhelmingly Isolates her, causing her to give up end her life by suicide. Considering that Campus Is a male writing about a male character and Chopin Is a female writing about a female character It Is quite an Interesting Idea to pursue that this would affect the way each character handled adversity. Campus’ character Numerals Is very strong and Indifferent to society throughout the novel and does not vive Into society. HIS lack of emotion also developed an Image of strength for the simple fact that nothing affected him, and he was Indifferent to all of society. This Is due to Campus growing up In a society that forces males to hide their emotions to give Off false sense of strength and power. Throughout Campus’ life he had never claimed to be tied down In marriage having numerous affairs, having never truly assumed faith, as well as living In seclusion before publishing the novel also affected the way the character chose his paths. Numerals seems to be an extremist version of Campus myself, an example Is Merchants ever longing desire for sex and Campus numerous affairs. This also explains to the reader Merchants strength and personal victory through perseverance, which would only be given to a male character through the eyes AT a male autumn. Nonplus Deluge a Tamale writing tout a Tamale contracted most likely has a direct connection with why Edna chose the decision she did at the end of the novel. In the time period Chopin grew up women were not looked at as strong powerful figures that could handle tough situations. Chopin was writing this book after her husband’s death in 1882, when he left her with $12,000 of debts. She tried to run their family plantati on and store but she Just could not handle it. Being raised with this thought and conception of women being weak as well as her hard times faced while writing this novel is exactly why she had Edna commit suicide in the end of the novel. For Edna there was no escaping the problem, as there was no escaping the problem of debt for Chopin. She was either exiled from society or stuck living a life of unhappiness; her solution was to escape by taking the easy way out and killing herself. This action clearly shows the author’s perception that females are not palpable of enduring times of adversity and hardship because she herself wanted to quit deep down on the inside. After reading both novels is it easy to see which character is stronger in their fight against society? Edna took the easy way out by escaping through suicide, which is society over powering her and essentially winning the battle. Numerals on the other hand was never defeated by society; no matter what they threw at him he stood his ground and kept his beliefs. The ultimate sign of his strength and victory is when he laughs in the face of society essentially saying, â€Å"l won, I’m right, you cannot and will not break me. † How to cite The Stranger vs the Awakening, Papers

Desensitization of Pakistani society free essay sample

Major reasons for Desensitizing in our Society: such incidents. Pakistan has been facing violence in terms of street crimes, murders, rapes, target killings, physical torture, bomb blasts, kidnappings and drone attacks. According to statistics, only in Karachi people are killed at the rate of 3. 6 since 2010 due to target killings. Other casualties due to different reasons are a lot more than this when measured. CPA murder statistics for 2010 indicate there were a total of 1339 terrorist killings, I. E. , murders associated with terrorist acts or groups.This number increased in 2011 to 1724 terrorist killings, which is an increase of 29 recent; 2011 was recorded as Karachi second deadliest year in the past 20 years. According to recent study it was found that since the beginning of this year till November 17th, there have been 323 incidents of violence, killing 3088 people (civilians only). Media Violence is another reason that has made us well acquainted with grotesque images and videos of brutal incidents. One form of violence that Media Violence includes is the violence showed in the form of entertainment that is in dramas, movies, animated series is one category only.It presents violence in serious ways as well as in humorous ways. When talking about dramas or series and movies most of the time violence shown is serious kind of violence, consisting of shooting someone, kidnapping, murder, rape or blasts. However, cartoons and apart from that certain movies or series show violence in humorous ways like in Home alone, three stooges which incorporates the wrong idea of violence being something thats usual and the norm. Cartoons specially make our children get used to basic violence and its tools like guns and explosive materials.The other form of violence is the real life violence that is covered by media and aired to general public. When discussing about Pakistani society, breaking news and live coverage of bomb blasts, mob violence, nerve racking accidents is something we all are used to, to a level that has turned us insensitive to such incidents. Few channels have aired grotesque images without censor or any attempt to hide the content that is inappropriate. However, they do repeatedly state to not to see the news if the viewer is a child or a person with weak stamina to view such things; which is not an effective measure. Lawlessness is a key reason in the increasing real life violence in Pakistan and its being aired on Media. In several incidents the basic cause of such violence is the lack of enforcement of law in order to reduce crime like mugging, target killing, bomb blast and execution of punishment orders when the criminals are arrested by police or rangers. Mob Violence is the best example when lawlessness is discussed. Since our Law enforcement agencies fail to implement law and maintain order in society, our people have started taking law in their hands.Up till now there are numerous cases of mob violence in Pakistan where suspects are beaten and handed over to police or at times beaten to death. The frequency of mob violence incidents have increased in past few years, mostly in Punjab. The incidents portray scaring ferocity. Be it long hours of load-shedding, a criminal caught red handed by the crowd, a traffic tragedy or someone suspected to have committed the act of blasphemy, furious mob increasingly take the law into their hands as if they are the sole accusers, Judges and executioners.This shows the failure of our law enforcement agencies that have been attempts have led people, to a great extent, to act as their own protectors, which has resulted in some very regretful incidents. Growing economic pressures in recent years as well as the states failure to provide security and a functioning Justice system to the people have aggravated these crises, spawned vigilante Justice and entrenched mob rule in our daily life, argues a political scientist wanting to remain anonymous, who works at a public sector university in Lahore.Both of them were beaten even after every drop of life was oozed out of them, soaking in blood. It is stated that the elder one begged to be shot dead for once and all for the crim e he hadnt committed rather being beaten such inhumanely. The dead bodies were hanged above a water tank and were dragged as well. This incident shows not only the intolerance and horrible ferocity of the crowd but also extreme insensitivity of those who watched and filmed the act. There were about 10 to 15 people who were involved in their murder but more than 40 people as well as police officials to witness the act.The question arises why the crowd showed no reaction of stopping the violent fatal beating? Why they all viewed the act as if they were hypnotized or as robots completely empty of the humanly feelings and emotions? This mob violence shows that our society is an insensitive one; It has indeed been desensitizing. The reason I account the incident for is lack of law which has simply eradicated the sense of humanity in us; which has led to us taking the law in hands since the police have failed to play their role. We have taken the responsibility to identify the criminals without any solid proof of their identity and punish them ourselves.Since, we have no proper system to do so, we end up committing acts that cannot be washed away, and they exist as brutal stains of the blood of innocent ones-the misidentified and killed. Such acts of mob violence an d people beating the culprits have repeatedly taken place. However, the beaten ones were the true criminals yet such incidents slowly and gradually transfer the power from law enforcement agencies to local public which is a strong alarm for our police and Judiciary as it can lead to results creating a norm less society. In a re-enactment of the Shallot lynching, two alleged robbers fall prey to mob Justice in Manual on March 26.One of them reportedly shot himself to avoid a painful death at the hands of the crowd. The other was pelted with stones until he died. The unfortunate aspect of these incidents is that police officials side with the mob, turning a blind eye to the brutal, instant punishments meted out to real or imagined criminals. Hence, again executing people be it a culprit or an innocent. Another aspect of this is that our media kept showing the videos and the pictures of all these people being murdered, which shows that our media is also an insensitive entity who regardless of what affect their material has, airs the content.

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Key concepts Essays - Biometrics, Identification,

Key concepts Genetics Inheritance Biology Development DNA Introduction Have you ever seen a child who looked just like his or her father when the latter was younger? We can often tell that two people are related because they have several similar physical traits, such as facial features or hair color. This is because children receive half of their DNA (genetic blueprints) from each parent. But what about something small, such as fingerprintsare they an inherited trait? Fingerprints are used to identify people because each person's fingerprints are unique, but people can have similar fingerprint patterns. This Father's Day you could do this activity with your family to investigate whether fingerprint patterns are random or influenced by genetics. You'll be able to see if your fingerprint pattern is just one more trait that you can thank your father (and mother) for giving you. 88582580963 Background You started getting your own unique fingerprints even before you were born! During weeks 10 through 24 of development ridges form on the epidermis (outermost skin layer) of a fetus's fingertips. The patterns that these ridges make on each finger and thumb are known as fingerprints, which are static and do not change with ageso an individual will have the same fingerprints from infancy to adulthood. The patterns change size, but not shape, as the person grows. (To get a better idea of how that works you can model the change in size by inking your fingerprint onto a balloon and then blowing up the balloon.) Because each person has unique fingerprints that do not change over time, these prints can be used for identification. For example, police use fingerprints to determine whether a particular individual has been at a crime scene. Although the exact number, shape and spacing of the ridges changes from person to person, fingerprints can be sorted into three general categories based on their pattern type: loop, arch and whorl. 1114425276225 Materials At least one pair of parents and their genetic son(s) or daughter(s) (The more members of the nuclear family that are available, the better the results will be.) Magnifying glass (optional) Preparation Look at some drawings or pictures of the three basic fingerprint pattern types: loop, arch and whorl. In a loop pattern the ridges enter from either side, curve up and then exit usually from the same side they entered. In a whorl pattern the ridges are usually circular. In an arch pattern the ridges enter from one side, make a small rise in the center and exit generally on the opposite side. Become familiar with what the different types look like so you can readily identify them. Note that there is some variation on these basic types, such as the tented arch, which looks like a more sharply curved version of the typical arch. 1028700142875 Procedure Gather family members together so that you can look at their fingerprints as a group. One at a time, look at each person's right index finger where their fingerprint is. By looking at the pattern on the finger, characterize the pattern as a whorl, arch or loop. You could use a magnifying glass to look at their finger more closely. What type of fingerprint pattern do they have? Look at the fingerprint pattern of other family members, one at a time, and characterize each as one of the three basic patterns. What type of fingerprint patterns do other family members have? Do you see any trends? Overall, does it look like fingerprint patterns are inherited? In other words, did siblings usually have the same fingerprint pattern and did people have fingerprint patterns in common with their parents? There is an inheritance component to fingerprint patterns but the genetics of how they are inherited are complicated. (Multiple genes are involved.) Fingerprints are also affected by a person's environment while developing in the womb. Because of this, you may have seen some examples of fingerprint patterns likely being inherited (such as a son and/or daughter having the same pattern type as their father). But this may not have always been the case for individuals you know to be closely related. To more clearly see how fingerprint patterns are inherited, you would need to use a

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Sample Student Essay Responses For Parcc Questions

Sample Student Essay Responses For Parcc QuestionsThere are lots of ways to answer sample student essay responses for parcc questions. The essay will be more effectively formulated if the sample question has been created in the first place, after all!Remember that in a few minutes or less you will be done with the multiple choice questions and have got one more paragraph that is written. In this one paragraph, you will have to answer a few questions like, where did you receive your schooling, what was your major, what did you do after high school, what are your hobbies etc. When writing your response, be very organized and clear.A good way to organize your ideas is to identify your strongest point. Write that point down. This will make it easy for you to get your thoughts straight. Remember, you will only have time to make one paragraph of great paragraphs.Ask some friends for their opinions on the answers you have come up with. You can also use a good online forum to collect your th oughts and opinions. You will also want to be accurate and on the ball.Beginning with the first paragraph, try to outline what it is you want to write about. Your first paragraph should start off by defining the topic. In the second paragraph, you will summarize what you have written.Writing for an exam or other assignment might seem daunting at first, but don't be discouraged. Writing is an art, and you will learn how to use your creativity. As long as you try to not over complicate your essays, you will be able to answer your sample student essay responses for parcc questions. This will take a little practice, but once you get used to it, your work will look so much better.Be sure to always test yourself on your answers to sample student essay responses for parcc questions. Remember, you will have just a couple of minutes to get your essay ready. Make the most of the time you have and make the essay short and direct.

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Electrochemical Cell Definition

Electrochemical Cell Definition An electrochemical cell is a device that generates a potential difference between electrodes using chemical reactions. Galvanic cells and electrolytic cells are examples of electrochemical cells. Galvanic cells, which are also known as voltaic cells, use chemical reactions to generate electricity. These cells are named for either Luigi Galvani or Alessandro Volta. They use a spontaneous redox reaction. A typical galvanic cell consists of two different metals that are connected by a salt bridge or a porous membrane. In contrast, electrolytic cells use electrical energy to cause chemical reactions to occur. The electrical energy overcomes the activation energy required to get a non-spontaneous reaction to proceed. Electrolytic cells are commonly used for electrolysis, which breaks chemical compounds into their elements. A battery refers to one or more electrochemical cells.

Monday, March 2, 2020

Admin Assistants Develop your phone skills for the office

Admin Assistants Develop your phone skills for the office You may think having an excellent phone manner is an outdated relic- after all, wont everyone just email if they want something? Not necessarily- if youre in an admin or customer service field, talking on the phone might still be a part of your everyday reality. And even if youre not, a good phone manner never goes out of style and can add a veneer of professionalism to your image in whatever job you do.Here are a few tips on how to be a boss at manning ye olde telephone.Have a formal greeting.Unless you know it’s your coworker Bob, or your spouse, or your boss calling you back after getting disconnected, come up with a professional way to answer calls. Be polite and informative: â€Å"Good morning/afternoon/evening. [Name of Company.] [Your name] speaking .† If you’re serving in an operator capacity, you can add something along the lines of â€Å"How may I direct your call?† It may seem silly, but it helps to think of a few variations and try them out lou d to pick the one that comes most naturally.Only answer if youre ready to talk.That means answering promptly (not making someone wait for 14 rings), but also making sure not to answer if you have your mouth full of coffee or lunch or if there’s a big commotion going on at your desk. If someone is calling you they want to you to hear what they have to say and respond with clarity.Take excellent messages.If you’re answering the phone for more than just yourself, make sure you take good messages. Work out with your boss the exact information you should get from everyone who calls. Never be too shy to ask for spelling clarification on a name or email address, or return phone number information.Leave excellent messages.If you hit an answering machine, speak slowly and clearly. Give your name and contact info at the beginning and again at the end so the person jotting down your details won’t have to listen to the whole thing again to get your number if they missed it at the beginning. Be succinct, but don’t leave out any important or relevant details- such as the reason for your call. Spell things you think might be garbled, especially by bad cell reception.Charm and disarm.Anger and frustration can magnify over the phone, especially when you cant throw an empathetic facial expression the way of someone ranting and raving. If youre in a position to deal with difficult or outraged clients or customers, youll have to pacify with your words. First and foremost, let the person know youre listening (I hear how upset you are and I understand why.). Then, let him or her know you will try to get to the root of the problem and fix it. Shouting back and getting snippy or curt will not help- it will usually only incense the caller more. Most people just want to be heard.Use names.Whenever possible, throw in the name of the person you are speaking to. Addressing someone this way makes a professional conversation feel more personal and less remote. Yo u don’t have to feel distant just because you’re not in the room together. And this goes both ways- make sure to always identify yourself early on with your own full name!Be sincere and kind.Having a good phone manner doesn’t mean being a phony. Sure, you should be cheerful, enunciate clearly, and speak articulately, but don’t put on a persona that isn’t anything like your true self. Be the best and brightest professional version of yourself while being as genuine and as frank as possible.  People can hear a lot of body language through the phone, and smiling is the clearest way to communicate positivity.

Saturday, February 15, 2020

HOW CAN I INCORPORATE DIVERSITY INTO EARLY CHILDHOOD Research Proposal

HOW CAN I INCORPORATE DIVERSITY INTO EARLY CHILDHOOD - Research Proposal Example Topic (500 words recommended) What literature relates to this topic? Have you indentified the key literature sources (3-5) that underpin your research? Why do we need to conduct research into this area? How is this topic relevant to early childhood education? Diversity is a term which has as diverse meanings as its name. In this research â€Å"diversity means the variety of differences among inhabitants that we need to take into account if we are to work with people† from every walk of life. In short here we are treating diversity as a dynamic social force in society which tries to bring people closer to each other no matter what or who they are (Aguirre, 2003). But if the topic is closely analyzed a question which comes to one’s mind is that what is the relation of diversification and early childhood, as mostly it is seen that diversification in human beings become prominent when they are adults. The impeding question is that why it is important to incorporate diversif ication in to early childhood programs when it is believed to be inculcated automatically when the up bringing of the child begins. One of the articles which would be referred will be article â€Å"Valuing Diversity† written by Maritza MacDonald (2002), in that article one of the examples that is given is that for every child, family has a different meaning. For some it means a single parent catering to the child needs, for others it means having a lot of older brothers and sisters etc. so when even the meaning of a family can be so diversified for a child who is not even aware of the fact what diversification is, then it can be imagined that how much affect diversification can have upon a child’s rearing. Another consideration will be given to the practicality of inculcating diversification into early childhood education programs. â€Å"Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives† written by Banks & Banks (1989) and â€Å"The care and education of young c hildren† by Comer (1989) proposed that early intervention programs for children mostly deal with the issues like how do different children learn through various types of education methods. This literature would be beneficial to first of all address any issue that might surface due to lack of proper communication between children belonging to different ethnic groups. It will also help in elucidating the aspects as to how can parents up bring their children in the diverse world? And what is the meaning of being a young one who is growing up in to this varied world? (Gonzalez-Mena & Pulido-Tobiassen, 1999). This diversity issue is important to be addressed in the early childhood because foundations for hatred and racial discrimination could be developed between the ages of 3 to 5, so it very critical to give diversity and anti bias training to children when they are young (Stephan & Vogt, 2004). Racism and hatred for each other are two things which if not nipped in the bud can ca use problems like extremism and terrorism. No parent can see his child going towards destructive path, therefore to see what changes can be brought in to child’s behavior and to observe how these changes can help us in the long run to irradiate problems like racism, and extremism incorporating diversity in early education programs might be helpful. 3. Research aim In general, what is the aim of your research project? Is your aim clear, understandable and concise? Is your aim relevant to the topic and identified

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Business Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Law - Research Paper Example The case involves three parties, Alex, Francis and Samantha. When handling a contract, the terms of a contract are important in setting out regulations required to make a communication. The ‘term’ refers to the promise made in the conditions of the contract to be legal binding. The terms of a contract indicate the contents of the agreement. The agreement between Francis and Alex was to sell the Artifact mirror for $200 for the given duration. Alex reached home and informed Francis on his willingness to purchase the artifact for the agreed price. The message however reached Francis after he offered the artifact to Samantha for $230. Alex had a legal enforceable contract with Francis as he orally communicated with him concerning his willingness to take up the offer. The breach of a contract occurs when one party fails to perform in accordance to the agreed terms and conditions (Answers 2011). Forming a contract requires an offer. An offer refers to the willingness to abide by conditions provided by the contract. Francis offered a product for sale and Alex was willing to take up the offer, given the terms that Francis provided. Both Francis and Alex are bound to the contract given the time agreement does not expire. The other element of the contract evident in the case is acceptance. Acceptance refers to the unconditional agreement to the provided terms whether in oral or written. Francis orally accepted to the terms and conditions of the purchase. The acceptance should reflect the conditions of the original made offer. Alex made a call to confirm the purchase before the set time expired, meaning he accepted to purchase the artifact at $200. The communication between the two parties was as agreed. In the case, Francis and Alex formed a contract on purchasing the artifact. Communication was involved and Alex told Francis that he would think of about the offer. Alex later sealed the contract by confirming the purchase through telephone. The contract bet ween Francis and Alex has the counter-offer element. The initial price of the artifact was at $250, Alex made a counter- offer of $200, and Francis accepted. The price of $250 was a invitation to treat and not an offer. The display of the artifact mirror caught the interest of Alex. He however makes a counter offer of $200 (Arias 2010). It is important to realize the terms set to understand that a contract existed between Francis and Alex. The first important term of recognition is to agree that Francis created an enforceable contract. The promise in the contract involves allowing Alex to purchase the artifact mirror for the given time. The freedom of the contract involves a free negotiation by parties regarding the agreed terms. Alex negotiated without interference and at his own will. Alex and Francis both negotiated at an equal strength hence the contract was valid. The contract has no limitations to the freedom, as illegal undertaking did not take place. The purchase remained op en to Alex until the set time, but he sold the artifact to Samantha instead. Proving the terms of a contract comes with two possibilities, either orally or written. Francis orally accepted to sell the artifact to Alex within the time duration. Though no other witnesses were present to confirm, Alex remained the legal buyer of the artifact until the set deadline (Brakel and Hert 2009). Like in the case of Rankin vs. Scott Fell and co (1904) 2 CLR 164, the ruling indicates presence of a contract even if no

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Bach Essay -- essays research papers fc

Johanna Sebastian Bach was a composer of the Baroque era, the most celebrated member of a large family of northern German musicians. Although he was admired by his contemporaries primarily as an outstanding harpsichordist, organist, and expert on organ building. Bach is now generally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time and is celebrated as the creator of the Brandenburg Concertos, The Well-Tempered Clavier, the Mass in B Minor, and numerous other masterpieces of church and instrumental music. Appearing at a propitious moment in the history of music, Bach was able to survey and bring together the principal styles, forms, and national traditions that had developed during preceding generations and, by virtue of his synthesis, enrich them all. J.S. Bach was born at Eisenach, Thuringia, on March 21, 1685, the youngest child of Johann Ambrosius Bach and Elisabeth Lammerhirt. Ambrosius was a string player, employed by the town council and the ducal court of Eisenach. Johann Sebastian started school in 1692 or 1693 and did well in spite of frequent absences. Of his musical education at this time, nothing definite is known; however, he may have picked up the rudiments of string playing from his father, and no doubt he attended the Georgen Church, where Johann Christoph Bach was organist until 1703. This Christoph had been a pupil of the influential keyboard composer, Johann Pachelbel and he apparently gave Johann Sebastian his first formal keyboard lessons. The young Bach again did well at school, until in 1700 his voice secured him a place in a select choir of poor boys at the school at the Michaels Church, Luneburg. He seems to have returned to Thuringia in the late summer of 1702. By this time he was already a reasonably pro ficient organist. His experience at Luneburg, if not at Ohrdruf, had turned him away from the secular string-playing tradition, though not exclusively, a composer and performer of keyboard and 2 sacred music. The next few months are wrapped in mystery, but by March 4, 1703, he was a member of the orchestra employed by Johann Ernst, Duke von Weimar. This post was a mere stopgap; he probably already had his eye on the organ then being built at the New Church in Arnstadt. When it was finished, he helped test the organ in August 1703 he was appointed organist at the age of 18. Arnstadt documents imply that he had been court orga... ... contemporary Handel, Bach was the last great representative of the Baroque era in an age which was already reflecting the Baroque style. For about 50 years after Bach's death, his music was neglected. This was only natural; in the days of Haydn and Mozart, no one could be expected to take much interest in a composer who had been considered old-fashioned even in his lifetime—especially since his music was not readily available, and half of it, the church cantatas, was fast becoming useless as a result of changes in religious thought. At the same time, musicians of the late 18th century were neither so ignorant of Bach's music nor so insensitive to its influence as some modern authors have suggested. Emanuel Bach's debt to his father was considerable, and Bach exercised a profound and acknowledged influence directly on Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Works Cited Farb, Peter. Great Lives Great Deeds. New York: Readers Digest Association. 1964. Kirby, F.E. A short History of Keyboard Music. New York: The Free Press. 1966. Kupferberg, Herbert. Basically Bach. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1985. Schonberg, Harold. The Lives of the Great Composers. New York: W.W. Norton. 1970.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

The Riz-Carlton Applicaiton Summary

1999 Application Summary THE RITZ-CARLTON ® HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. Copyright  © 2000 by THE RITZ-CARLTON ® HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. – All Rights Reserved THE RITZ-CARLTON ® HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. at a Glance Products and Services: The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. develops and operates luxury hotels for others. The hotels are designed and identified to appeal to and suit the requirements of its principal customers who consist of: (1) Meeting Event Planners and (2) Independent Business and Leisure Travelers. President & COO: Horst Schulze Headquarters: 3414 Peachtree Road, N. E. Suite 300 Atlanta, Georgia 30326Operations: One Central Reservations Office Seven International Sales Offices (ISO’s) 24 Hotels and Resorts in North America Two Hotels in Europe Eight Hotels and Resorts in Asia Two Hotels in Australia 30 Hotels under Development Customer Base: Over 800,000 Customers World-wide 1999 Revenue: $1. 5 Billion. A 40% increase over the previous five year s. Employees: 17,000 World-wide, known as The Ladies and Gentlemen of The Ritz-Carlton History: Established in 1983, the former owner, W. B. Johnson Properties, acquired the exclusive North American rights to the Ritz-Carlton trademark, the foremost ame in luxury hotels. This status was largely due to the legendary Caesar Ritz who developed and operated two of the world’s best hotels in Paris and London. The hotels achieved such fame in the marketplace that they attained what is often referred to as â€Å"The Ritz Mystique†. In 1995, The Ritz-Carlton was jointly acquired by Marriott International Inc. to achieve their strategy of entering the luxury hotel segment of the industry; the takeover/merger occurred in 1997. Copyright  © 2000 by THE RITZ-CARLTON ® HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. – All Rights Reserved The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 999 Application Summary Overview A History of Managing for Performance Excellence in the Hotel Industry Most hotels re mained profitable despite these quality deficiencies because competitors had similar problems. Previously, in tiny hotels and inns, the innkeeper directed activities in the organization personally, including â€Å"managing for quality†. As hotels grew in size, the volume of activity outgrew the capacity of the innkeeper to manage by personal direction – it became necessary to delegate. Ritz-Carlton Returns to the Fundamentals: Upper Management Participation Then came 1983 and Horst Schulze. More Summary of Devil at My HeelsThe pace quickened with a lengthy procession of new Ritz-Carlton Hotels under development. Faced with this challenge, Horst Schulze and his team decided to personally take charge of managing for quality because they realized managing for quality could not be delegated! Apprentices were trained in the craft and qualified by examination to become craftsmen. The innkeeper – the master – then delegated much of the managing for quality to the craftsmen, subject to inspection and audit by the master. Many of our standards go back 100 years to this era of Caesar Ritz and the legendary Chef August Escoffier.The upper management participation of Horst Schulze and his team ranged across a broad spectrum, but most significant activities consisted of: As we entered the 20th century, the size of a hotel and its organization sharply increased. The resulting large hotels required functional departments. The innkeeper – now a general manager â₠¬â€œ delegated to each functional department head the responsibility for quality, for performing the function correctly. †¢ Defining the traits of all company products which are set out in The Credo. For a full explanation of The Credo, see Figure 1 on page 2. With the emergence and growth of technology, hotel roducts and processes became increasingly complex. To deal with these new complexities the hotel industry adopted the principle of separating planning from doing. Planning of the various departments was delegated to division and department heads (e. g. Food & Beverage managers, Rooms Executives, Purchasing Directors, etc. ). This left the job of executing the plans to the first-line supervisors and the workforce. The separation of planning from execution had four major consequences. †¢ Translating The Credo into basic standards to clarify the quality responsibilities for our Ladies and Gentlemen; the ost important of which include: (1) anticipating the wishes and nee ds of the guests (2) resolving their problems and (3) genuinely caring conduct towards guests and each other. 1. A factory concept emerged in which people were assigned one task rather than a single craftsman performing the entire sequence of tasks. In this factory approach, if task #11 was causing a problem for task #24, it wasn’t identified until it reached the customer, and even then the problem likely continued. 2. A dramatic rise in productivity. 3. The segregation of divisions and departments. 4. A further distancing of upper managers from the job of anaging for quality. †¢ Aggressively instilling a passion for excellence. †¢ Personally training the Ladies and Gentlemen of a new Ritz-Carlton on The Credo and Basic Standards, commonly referred to as The Gold Standards, which are shown on page 2 as Figure 1. Another Major Change, A Comprehensive Structure By 1989 Horst Schulze realized that a more comprehensive structure was necessary for the Ritz-Carlton to opt imize its performance. He selected the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Criteria. Through the use of this assessment tool and the resulting feedback reports,The Ritz-Carlton developed a â€Å"Roadmap† to business excellence (see pages 3-4) which has attained significantly higher performance levels. A major ingredient of this approach was involving people in the planning of the work that affects them. The progressive removal of upper management from managing for quality produced negative effects on quality. Typically, performance either fell short of customer need or the cost to meet the need became excessive. In addition, the hotels accumulated huge chronic costs as a result of poor quality. 1 THREE STEPS OF SERVICE 1 A warm and sincere greeting. Use the guest name, if nd when possible. 2 Anticipation and compliance with guest needs. â€Å"We Are At The Ritz-Carlton, our Ladies and Gentlemen are the most important resource in our service commitment to our guests. Ladi es and By applying the principles of trust, honesty, respect, integrity and commitment, we nurture and maximize talent to the benefit of each individual and the company. Gentlemen Serving Ladies and The Ritz-Carlton fosters a work environment where diversity is valued, quality of life is enhanced, individual aspirations are fulfilled, and The Ritz-Carlton mystique is strengthened. Gentlemen† THE RITZ-CARLTON ® CREDOThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel is a place where the genuine care and comfort of our guests is our highest mission. We pledge to provide the finest personal service and facilities for our guests who will always enjoy a warm, relaxed yet refined ambience. The Ritz-Carlton experience enlivens the senses, instills well-being, and fulfills even the unexpressed wishes and needs of our guests.  © 2000, The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. All Rights Reserved 2 The Ritz-Carlton ® Basics 1. The Credo is the principal belief of our Company. It must be known, owned and energ ized by all. 2. Our Motto is: â€Å"We are Ladies andGentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen. † As service professionals, we treat our guests and each other with respect and dignity. 3. The Three Steps of Service are the foundation of Ritz-Carlton hospitality. These steps must be used in every interaction to ensure satisfaction, retention and loyalty. 4. The Employee Promise is the basis for our Ritz-Carlton work environment. It will be honored by all employees. 5. All employees will successfully complete annual training certification for their position. 6. Company Objectives are communicated to all employees. It is everyone’s responsibility to support them. 7.To create pride and joy in the workplace, all employees have the right to be involved in the planning of the work that affects them. 8. Each employee will continuously identify defects (M. R. B. I. V. ) throughout the Hotel. 9. It is the responsibility of each employee to create a work environment of teamwork and lateral service so that the needs of our guests and each other are met. 10. Each employee is empowered. For example, when a guest has a problem or needs something special, you should break away from your regular duties to address and resolve the issue. 11. Uncompromising levels of cleanliness are the responsibility of every employee. 2. To provide the finest personal service for our guests, each employee is responsible for identifying and recording individual guest preferences. 13. Never lose a guest. Instant guest pacif ication is the responsibility of each employee. Whoever receives a complaint will own it, resolve it to the guest’s satisfaction and record it. 14. â€Å"Smile – We are on stage. † Always maintain positive eye contact. Use the proper vocabulary with our guests and each other. (Use words like – â€Å"Good Morning,† â€Å"Certainly,† â€Å"I’ll be happy to† and â€Å"My pleasure. †) 15. Be an ambassador of your Hotel in a n d o u t s i d e o f t h e wo r k p l a c e .Always speak positively. Communicate any concerns to the appropriate person. 16. Escort guests rather than pointing out directions to another area of the Hotel. 17. Use Ritz-Carlton telephone etiquette. Answer within three rings with a â€Å"smile. † Use the guest’s name when possible. When necessary, ask the caller â€Å"May I place you on hold? † Do not screen calls. Eliminate call transfers whenever possible. Adhere to voice mail standards. 18. Take pride in and care of your pers o n a l a p p e a r a n c e . E v e r yo n e i s responsible for conveying a professional image by adhering to RitzCarlton clothing and grooming standards. 19.Think safety first. Each employee is responsible for creating a safe, secure and accident free environment for all guests and each other. Be aware of all fire and safety emergency procedures and report any security risks immediately. 20. P r o t e c t i n g t h e a s s e t s o f a R i t z Carlton hotel is the responsibility of every employee. Conserve energy, properly maintain our Hotels and protect the environment.  © 2000, The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. All Rights Reserved Figure 1 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary 3 Fond farewell. Give them a warm good-bye and use their names, if and when possible.THE EMPLOYEE PROMISE The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary The Ritz-Carlton Chronology of Performance Excellence Genesis 1890’s Caesar Ritz defines Standards for a Luxury Hotel Apprentice Programs, Inspection/Audit by the Master 1900 General Manager Concept Delegation of Quality to Functional Managers Managers Plan / Workers Do 1980 1983 Extensive Participation of Horst Schulze in the Management of Quality †¢ The Credo †¢ Basic Standards for The Ladies and Gentlemen †¢ A Passion for Excellence 1988 1989 MBNQA Audits and Feedback Business Excellence Roadma p (Figure 3) Involving People in the Planning f the Work that Affects Them 1999 100% Employee Pride & Joy Zero Customer Difficulties 100% Customer Loyalty Figure 2 2003 3 The Ritz-Carlton Business Excellence Roadmap Deployment â€Å"Do† Results â€Å"Check† Improvement â€Å"Act† A Passion for Excellence Senior Leaders â€Å"Start-Up† new hotels Performance Evaluations Development / Training Plans Distribution of â€Å"The Pyramid† Leadership Center Daily Reinforcement of The Gold Standards 1. Leadership Approach â€Å"Plan† The Seven Pyramid Decisions MBNQA Developmental Job Assignments Basic Empowerment Process Divide/Subdivide Objectives Select Process Owners Actual versus Planned performance comparedQuarterly by Upper Managers at the corporate and hotel level Act on the Differences Evaluate / Improve Planning Process Develop Processes Provide Necessary Resources Daily Operations review by the workforce 4 3. Customer and Market Focus Mark et Research that concentrates on the quality of the hotel facility and operations 6P’s Concept Operation of the â€Å"CLASS† Database Daily Hotel Measurement †¢ SQI †¢ RevPAR by Market Segment Evaluate / Improve Annually Standard Performance Measurement Monthly Measurement †¢ Advance Bookings †¢ Customer Satisfaction †¢ RevPAR †¢ P&L 4. Information and Analysis Selecting Performance Measurements for: Upper Managers †¢ Daily Operations Individual Process Owners select Performance Measurements for: †¢ Upper Managers †¢ Daily Operations Comparative Benchmarking Share/Replicate Best Practice Performance, On-Going Figure 3 Statistically Trained Employees, Consulting Specialists Continuous Improvement The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Fact-based Strategic Objectives Fact-based Key Process Identification 2. Strategic Planning The Ritz-Carlton Business Excellence Roadmap MBNQA 5. Human Resources Devel opment and Management Approach â€Å"Plan† Results â€Å"Check† Improvement â€Å"Act† Employee Education, Training andDevelopment Q. S. P. Site Visits by Senior H. R. Leaders Day 21/365 Training Certification Review Performance Appraisal Evaluations Analysis of Employee Surveys Analysis of Employee Surveys 6. Process Management Manage Key Production and Support Processes Incorporate changing Customer requirements P. Q. I. 5 S. Q. I. Major changes that require project management The GreenBook Process Audits Incremental Day-to-Day Improvements Actual versus Planned Performance compared quarterly by Senior Leaders at the corporate and hotel level Continuously and Forever Improve Process Owners Modify Processes for each new hotel 7. BusinessResults Strategic Objectives define long-term targets Lead People Manage Processes Tactical Processes set annual targets Standard Performance Measures Daily Operations Review by the workforce Figure 3 (continued) The Ritz-Carlto n Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Jobs are designed so our people: †¢ Know what to do †¢ Know how well they are doing †¢ Can regulate the process or their own personal conduct Deployment â€Å"Do† The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Leadership as The Gold Standards, Figure 1, page 2. These standards consist of: (1) The Credo (2) The Basics (3) Three Steps ofService (4) Motto and most recently, (5) The Employee Promise. These standards have had a long life with only The Basics changing with business conditions. Our Senior Leaders continue the strong excellencedriven leadership that began in 1983 and resulted in us becoming a recipient of the 1992 Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. In the years following the award they actually increased their involvement in both the improvement and operation of our structured approach to business excellence. A summary of this business excellence roadmap is shown in Figure 3, p age 4. Collectively, these standards have an incredible empowering effect on TheRitz-Carlton Ladies and Gentlemen to think and act independently with innovation for both the benefit of the customer and our organization. Approach â€Å"Plan† Since The Credo stresses â€Å"providing the f inest and anticipating the unfulf illed wishes of our guests,† The Ritz-Carlton Ladies and Gentlemen continually learn and innovate. The Three Steps of Service, combined with our basic empowerment process shown below in Figure 1. 2 promotes innovative, quick personal service. Our Senior Leaders have a passion for excellence, largely because of: (1) the performance expectations of Horst Schulze (2) our Gold Standards and (3) the Pride and Joy of chieving excellence. The seven specific decisions made by our Senior Leaders, collectively, to set direction for business excellence are shown below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Deployment â€Å"DO† The specific actions taken by our Senior Leader s to deploy our leadership approach consist of three major processes: 10 Year Vision 5 Year Mission 3 Year Objectives 1 Year Tactics Strategy Methods Foundation 1. Since 1984, all members of Senior Leadership have personally ensured that each new hotel’s goods and services are characteristic of The Ritz-Carlton on opening day. Since six to seven hotels open each year, our leaders pend at least six to seven weeks working with our Ladies and Gentlemen (using a combination of hands-on behavior modeling and reinforcement) during the seven day countdown to opening. This includes the President and COO who personally demonstrates the guest/employee interface image and facilitates the first vision statement The process for providing our Senior Leaders with the necessary data and analysis to make these key decisions is explained fully in the Strategic Planning section. It is worth mentioning that our Senior Leaders personally established our foundation, which is now referred toThe Bas ic Empowerment Process Three Steps of Service 1 Warm Welcome 2 Anticipation and Compliance with Guest Needs Employee Senses Guest Wish or Need Employee Breaks Away from Routine Duties Employee Applies Immediate Positive Action Determine Guest Reaction If Satisfied If Dissatisfied 3 Fond Farewell Document the Incident Employee Returns to Routine Duties Figure 1. 2 6 Guest Memory System Escalate the Complaint The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Results â€Å"Check† session for each newly formed department. During these formative sessions which all employees must attend, thePresident and COO personally interacts with every new employee both individually and in a group setting. His in-depth knowledge of hotel operations and enthusiasm for The Gold Standards are an inspiration for all concerned. Leadership effectiveness is evaluated (1) On key questions of our semi-annual employee satisfaction results (these questions reveal if the respective leader h as gained the full support of the Ladies and Gentlemen regarding our Gold Standards). (2) Through audits on public responsibility (i. e. Life Safety Systems, Security Systems, Food Preparation and Alcoholic Beverage Service, Environmental Stewardship). . The results of the seven specific decisions from the annual strategic planning process are arranged in a â€Å"Pyramid Concept† and distributed throughout the organization. The 2000 Pyramid is shown in Figure 1. 3. Improvement â€Å"Act† Gaps in leadership effectiveness are ad3. The Gold Standards are reinforced daily dressed with development/training plans. For in a variety of forums which include: (1) widespread deficiencies, the corporate human lectures at new employee orientation (2) resource function develops/improves courses, developmental training (3) daily line-up processes or facilities.As a result, we have 10 YEAR VISION meeting (4) administration of both posdeveloped a leadership center at Corporate To be Th e itive and negative reinforcement (5) Headquarters. In addition, we make exPremier Worldwide mission statements displayed (6) distensive use of developmental job assignProvider of Luxury tribution of Credo Cards (7) The ments. Credo as first topic of internal Travel and Hospitality Prodmeetings and (8) peer pressure. ucts and Services 5 YEAR MISSION Product and Profit Dominance OBJECTIVES T h e V i t a l – Fe w O b j e c t i v e s TACTICS Key Production and Business ProcessesSTRATEGY C u s t o m e r a n d M a r k e t Fo c u s S t r a t e g y w i t h Action Plans METHOD TQM – Application of Quality Sciences  · M a l c o l m B a l d r i g e N a t i o n a l Q u a l i t y Aw a r d C r i t e r i a  · T h e G r e e n B o o k – 2 nd E d i t i o n FOUNDATION Va l u e s a n d P h i l o s o p h y – T h e G o l d S t a n d a r d s Credo  · Motto Three Steps of Service  · Basics  · Employee Promise Copyright  © 2000 by THE RITZ-CARLTON HOTEL COMPANY, L. L. C. – All Rights Reserved Figure 1. 3 7 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Strategic Planning Planning ProcessAt The Ritz-Carlton, Strategic Development is the process that enables Senior Leaders to make specific decisions that set direction for Business Excellence. 1 Macro Environment Analysis Confirm/Modify Vision, Mission, Strategy, Methods, Foundation Approach â€Å"Plan† A description of the three major components of our planning process, including the pre-work known as the Macro Environment Analysis, is show in Figure 2. 1. Macro-Environment Analysis This extensive analysis is done to understand the current state (and expected future state) of the Macro Environment in which we operate our company.The key result of the analysis is a projection of the future state of The Ritz-Carlton relative to competitors and the expectations of hotel owners in primary performance areas. Subsequently, gaps are identified. 2 Select RITZ-CARLTON Str ategic Mandates 3 Develop RITZ-CARLTON â€Å"VitalFew† Objectives and Targets March—June Figure 2. 1 Step 1 March – June Using the Macro Environment Analysis, Senior Leaders confirm the 10 Year Vision, 5 Year Mission, Strategy, Methods and Foundation or make changes. Step 2 March – June Deployment Process 5 1 Reinforce Pyramid Concept/ Plans/Budget Develop Production Processes 6Using the Macro Environment Analysis, strategic mandates are identified along with gaps in performance. Step 3 March – June The strategic mandates and the gaps identified in the Macro Environment Analysis are used to create the Vital-Few Objectives for the next three years. The Objectives are designed to address the projected gaps identified in the Macro Environment Analysis and to maintain or enlarge The Ritz-Carlton advantage over competitors where these advantages exist. VitalFew Objectives are separated into multiple categories for two purposes: (1) respond to the Strate gic Mandates and (2) represent all who are ffected by The Ritz-Carlton. The output of this step becomes our Pyramid (Figure 1. 3, page 7). Communicate Pyramid Concept to the Ladies and Gentlemen 2 Deploy Support Processes 7 Execute Plans 8 3 Develop Preliminary Plans / Budgets for L. L. C. and Hotels Daily Line-Up Reinforcement on-going throughout the year 9 Evaluate/Improve Planning Process 4 Finalize RITZ-CARLTON Pyramid Plan, Budgets for L. L. C. and Hotels Conduct Monthly Reviews of Plan at all levels. Collect information for the next cycle. October—February July—September Figure 2. 2 8 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 999 Application Summary Deployment â€Å"DO† Activities that have been agreed upon are then tied into our financial planning and budget process. The specific actions by Senior Leaders to deploy the Vital-Few Objectives are shown in Figure 2. 2. Steps 5 – 7 October – February Step 5 occurs during our semi-annual General Ma nagers meeting which sets in motion steps 6 and 7. Step 1 July – September Key Production processes are identified by three criteria: (1) work that ranks very important to customers (2) work that is rising in importance to customers and (3) work that is poor in comparison to competitors.These processes must then be developed and deployed. This is done by process owners at the corporate level. For a discussion of these processes and how they are developed see Section 6, Process Management. Step 8 On-Going Throughout the Year Every day, in every work area, on every shift, a brief line-up meeting is held. During these formative sessions, the Pyramid Concept is deployed, The Gold Standards are reinforced and good ideas are shared. Step 9 Annually Step 2 July – September Each year the Vice-President of Quality is responsible for evaluating and improving the Strategic Planning Process.Benchmarking other Baldrige recipients is used extensively for continuous improvement. Supp ort processes are deployed to the support functions of the organization. These processes indirectly affect our products and enable us to reach our Vital-Few Objectives. These processes are also developed/deployed by corporate process owners at the corporate office. Results â€Å"Checks† Monthly performance reviews of the the Strategic Plan are conducted by the upper managers at the corporate and hotel level. The framework of a typical review is shown in Figure 2. , which focuses on the pre-established performance indicators of the Vital-Few Objectives as well as key processes. This information allows us to easily make improvements and benchmarking comparisons which are discussed in Category 4. Steps 3 – 4 July – September To bring out into the open the resources required to reach our Vital-Few Objectives, we involve the Ladies and Gentlemen of The Ritz-Carlton. First, we communicate the measures and targets of our Vital-Few Objectives to lower levels of the orga nization. The lower levels then identify the deeds, that if done, will collectively meet the objectives.The lower levels also â€Å"submit the bill† to perform these deeds. Focus Indicators What’s Reviewed Employee Pride & Joy †¢ Key Survey Questions †¢ Turnover Actual versus Plan / Trends Customer Loyalty †¢ Overall Customer Satisfaction †¢ Customer Difficulties Revpar / P&L †¢ Advance Bookings †¢ Market / Business Performance Actual versus Plan / Foremost Competitor, Trends Actual versus Plan / Industry Trends Key Processes †¢ Key Production and Actual versus Support Processes Plan / Trends Figure 2. 3 Process Owner †¢ Human Resource Director †¢ Operations Director †¢ Quality Director †¢ Marketing Director †¢ Finance Director Functional Leaders 9 The quarterly performance reviews are translated into opportunities for improvement and innovation. These decisions are determined by process owners with assistance from the special organization of Directors of Quality. Widespread understanding and involvement of findings and actions are deployed to lower levels through: (1) the traditional hierarchy (2) process owners and teams and (3) Commitment to Quality newsletters. Another form of improvement is the evaluation of the Strategic Planning Process. The Vice-President of Quality is responsible for developing, benchmarking and improving his process. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Customer and Market Focus A particularly noteworthy tool that we use is CLASS (an automated â€Å"memory system† that links returning guests to their preferences). The practice of remembering regular guests creates lasting relationships, which is a major competitive advantage for us. The types of information stored in the CLASS database are given in Figure 3. 2 . At The Ritz-Carlton, customer and market focus concentrates on the information needed for hotel development and ope ration explained in Section 6, Process Management.Approach â€Å"Plan† In addition, we utilize other information technology: (1) DFS (2) Product Quality Indicators (PQI) and (3) Service Quality Indicators (SQI), explained in the next Section, Information and Analysis. The many needs and sources of this information (i. e. market research) are summarized in Figure 3. 1. Needs and Sources of Market Research at The Ritz-Carlton Needs for Market / Customer Information Brought to our Attention Readily Available but Requires Analysis Determination of Market Segments †¢ Sales and Marketing function ranks potential and current customers by volume, geography and profit Analysis of â€Å"CLASS† database Identifying Potential Customers Relative Priorities of Customers †¢ â€Å"Automated Memory System† that links returning guests to their preferences Widespread Customer Dissatisfaction Competitive Quality Status Opportunities for Improving RevPAR through Quality â € ¢ Alliances with Travel Partners (Airlines, Credit Card Companies, Convention Bureaus, etc. ) †¢ Same as above †¢ Focus Groups †¢ Customer Satisfaction results †¢ Use of Information Technology †¢ DFS Demand Forecast Individual Dissatisfaction of Customers Must be created by a Special Study †¢ Complaints, Claims, ClientAlerts, Feedback from the Salesforce, Summarized in the SQI/PQI †¢ Pareto analysis of the SQI and PQI †¢ Ratings from Customers, Star Report, Salesforce reports †¢ Summary of above analysis †¢ Summary of above †¢ Criteria, Rating and Awards from Travel Industry publications †¢ Pareto analysis to identify major causes of customer dissatisfaction Figure 3. 1 10 †¢ Interviews with customers †¢ World-Class customer and employee satisfaction data †¢ Special psychological studies to understand: 1. What Customers mean, not what they say 2. How to appeal to the customer in the language they most und erstandThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Deployment â€Å"DO† to remember returning guests and generate essential preference and schedule information to all concerned. In this way, the Ladies and Gentlemen of The Ritz-Carlton and our suppliers understand what is â€Å"new or different† about each individual customer or event. The specific actions taken by our Sales and Marketing Leaders to deploy our Market Research conclusions consist of four major processes: (1) The 6 P’s Concept (2) Operation of the CLASS database (3) Complaint Resolution Process and (4) Standard Performance Measurements.Standard Measurements The Six P’s Concept The major components of our Sales and Marketing Performance Management System are shown in Figure 3. 3. Since these measures both precede and lag the operation they are both forward-looking and reaction based. After we gain a full understanding of our market segments, customers and their relative priorities, we develop and distribute, internally, a 6P’s Concept. The concept consists of: (1) Problem or need of the Customer (2) Product (what is it) (3) Promises (what it can do for the customer) (4) Personal Advantage (what can the customer do because of it) 5) Positioning (the benefit of it versus the competition) and (6) Price/Value (what customers must give up in time or money to get it). These concepts lay the groundwork for process design. Subject Advance Bookings The 6P’s concept typically creates a vision of wellbeing, which results from the purchase of Ritz-Carlton products – genuine care, comfort and prestige. By disseminating this information into the marketplace, we reinforce an aura of competence. Service Quality Indicators (SQI) measure The Gold Standards Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR) Customer Satisfaction Determination The P&L StatementFigure 3. 3 Operation of the CLASS Database Precede / Lag Operations Precedes up to several years Lags by One Day Results â€Å"Check† A major challenge faced by The Ritz-Carlton is to remember each of its 800,000 plus customers. In response, a special organization exists in each of our hotels called Guest Recognition. This special function uses the CLASS database Lags by One Day Lags by 45 Days Lags by 40 Days The effectiveness of our Customer and Market Focus is evaluated through reviews of our standard performance measures daily, monthly and annually. Daily reviews at hotels consist of SQI and RevPAR y market segment and performance. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Likes/Dislikes Previous Difficulties Family Interests Personal Interests Preferred Credit Cards Recency/ Frequency of Use †¢ By Hotel †¢ All Hotels Lifetime †¢ Usage †¢ Amount of Purchase Monthly reviews at all levels consist of Advance Books, Customer Satisfaction, RevPAR by Market Segment and the P&L Statement. Knowledge of Individual Customers, Stored in CLASS Database Annual revie ws at the corporate level are contained in our Strategic Planning Pre-Work, Macro Environment Analysis. Improvement â€Å"Act† The daily and monthly reviews identify performance gaps to be corrected.The extensive analysis of the Macro Environment Analysis drives confirmation or changes in marketing strategy, objectives and plans. Figure 3. 2 11 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Information and Analysis The PQI are our Product Quality Indicators, which consist of the 10 most serious defects that can occur in the development phase of a new Ritz-Carlton Hotel, listed in Figure 4. 4. Approach â€Å"Plan† Two basic types of measurements are used at The Ritz-Carlton: (1) organizational measurements for upper managers at both the corporate and hotel levels and (2) operational (i. . process) measurements for planning, assessing and improving daily operations. A further distinction in our measurement is whether it provides information before, dur ing or after operations (Figure 4. 1–4. 3). PQI Defects 1. Sub-Standard Management Contract 2. Missing / Wrong Concepts 3. Late Feasibility Study 4. Wrong / Late Schematic Design 5. Detailed Design Changes 6. High-Risk Facility Suppliers 7. Late Construction Days 8. Missing / Inadequate Key Production and Support Processes 9. Inadequate Pre-Sales Results 10. Inadequate Caring Mindset of Employees Figure 4. 4Before Operations Measures Subject MacroEnvironment Analysis Unit of Measure Summaries of Performance, Money, Ratios, Indexes New Hotel Development Defect Points (i. e. PQI) Daily Variable Demand Production/Hours worked ratio Use Annual Input for Senior Leaders to reset organizational and operational measures Measures for Senior Leaders to plan, assess and improve each new hotel development Plan daily operations and pricing Since our customer requirements extend beyond the functional to the sensory (which are difficult to measure), we rely on The Gold Standards to measure quality during operations.Most of these measures are used by line level employees. We can do this effectively since the workforce is selected, trained, certified, reinforced and rewarded through our Gold Standards, This qualifies them to design the appropriate sensory measurements that allow them to assess their work and take appropriate actions. Figure 4. 1 The SQI are our Service Quality Indicators, which consist of the 10 most serious defects that can occur during the regular operation of a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The seriousness of each defect is weighted by a point value listed in Figure 4. 5. During Operations Measures SubjectThe Gold Standards Unit of Measure Taste, Sight, Smell, Sound, Touch Use Operational measures for the individual Employee to Plan, Assess and Improve their Work SQI Defects 1. Missing Guest Preferences 2. Unresolved Difficulties 3. Inadequate Guestroom Housekeeping 4. Abandoned Reservation Calls 5. Guestroom Changes 6. Inoperable Guestroom Equipment 7. Unread y Guestroom 8. Inappropriate Hotel Appearance 9. Meeting Event Difficulties 10. Inadequate Food/Beverage 11. Missing/Damaged Guest Property / Accidents 12. Invoice Adjustment Figure 4. 5 Figure 4. 2 After Operations Measures Unit of Measure OrganizationalPerformance Indicators, Money, 1–5 Scale, Percentages Key Production Weighted Defect Points (SQI) and Support Production/Hours Processes worked ratio Revenue per Available Room Figure 4. 3 Subject Vital-Few Objectives Use Improve Organizational Performance Improve Daily Operations Points 10 50 1 5 5 5 10 5 5 1 50 3 The total number of occurrences is multiplied by the weight, totaled and divided by the number of working days applicable to obtain an average daily point value. The average daily point value is disseminated to the workforce daily. Improve Pricing Policies 12 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L.C. 1999 Application Summary Comparative Benchmarking process owners to each metric associated with key production and sup port processes. There are three types of comparative data at The Ritz-Carlton: (1) comparisons to industry and our foremost competitor (2) benchmarks outside our industry and (3) benchmarks inside our company. Since we began formal benchmarking in the 1980’s, we have found this highly useful as it has pushed us over the years to even higher target levels of performance and roadmaps to get there. Figure 4. 6 details the sources of this data and the types of information that are analyzed.Since these process owners are heavily involved in designing the architecture of the data and information that they review, rarely do they see a fact or figure presented in a way they don’t understand. Results â€Å"Check† Since we place such a strong emphasis on fact-based decision making, reliability of the data is critical. We rely on our highly trained Ladies and Gentlemen (including statistically trained at all levels) to insure data and information reliability. At the corpor ate level, we assign individual process owners to assure data can withstand scrutiny and provide background information.We also retain third-party specialists to provide independent reviews of information analysis and processes. Deployment â€Å"DO† The specific actions taken by Senior Leaders to deploy the information and analysis approach is based on the concept of individual process owners. Individual Process Owners Improvement â€Å"Act† Our Senior Leaders and Hotel Guidance Teams have the high level organizational performance data they need because we assign individual owners to each metric associated with the Vital-Few Objectives. In addition, our Vice-President of Quality keeps our performance measurements current with business needs.Whenever our process owners and consulting specialists indicate a change of plan is needed, the plans are rewritten, rebudgeted and reapproved. Our Ladies and Gentlemen, on a daily basis, identify and implement improvements in perfo rmance measurement as expected in our culture and facilitated through the training and performance management programs outlined in Category 5. Our Ladies and Gentlemen have the operational performance data they need daily because we assign individual Sources of Comparative Data Internal Source External Information Source Each Hotel’s measurements in the areas RCHC of employee satisfaction, customerInformation, Analysis System satisfaction, RevPAR and operational performance are compared Information Ritz-Carlton Marketing and Finance RCHC functions compare us against our Information, Analysis System competitors in the area of market and business performance Process Champions Operations, Human Resources, Baldrige Award Marketing and Finance leaders drive Winners best practices and processes both up and down the organization Annually, the VP of Quality studies comparative data and best practices Regional VP Meeting These periodic meetings focus on review Kaznova of performance t o plan ConsultantsWorld-class benchmarks New Hotel Start-Up When Ritz-Carlton managers are assigned as trainers in a new hotel, they learn and share best practices Travel Publications, AAA, Mobil Criteria to identify industry trends and performance Best Practice Sharing Any â€Å"new idea† implemented is shared Mayflower company-wide via E-mail. Results and Group Improvements are communicated in the daily Commitment to Quality newsletter Travel Industry Criteria and Publications Figure 4. 6 13 The VP of Human Resources compares us to America’s most-admired companies (i. e. Fortune 500 and Baldrige winners) in the area of Employee SatisfactionThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Human Resource Approach Human Resource Focus Skilled and Empowered Work Force Operating with Pride and Joy Our human resource approach is summarized in Figure 5. 1, which is the well-established model that underpins and aligns our various human resource philosophies and programs. Ritz-Carlton Work Environment Approach â€Å"Plan† Ritz-Carlton Human Resources Fundamentals Our Senior Leaders decided to increase both the meaning and satisfaction our people derive from their work. This approach consists of three basic components: (1) ourLadies and Gentlemen know what they are supposed to do (2) they know how well they are doing and (3) they have the authority to make changes in the process under their authority or their own personal conduct. †¢ Quality Selection Process †¢ Orientation †¢ Training Certification †¢ Line-up and daily training †¢ Communication †¢ Personal and professional development †¢ Work/life issue management †¢ Job Enlargement †¢ Career progression †¢ Performance measurement †¢ Legal compliance †¢ Employee Rights †¢ Issue Resolution Process †¢ Reward and Recognition Know What They are Supposed To Do At Ritz-Carlton our Ladies and Gentlemen know hat they are supposed to: (1) learn and use The Gold Standards (2) master the procedures of their job (i. e. Training Certification) and (3) generate ideas to improve products, services and processes. Know How Well They Are Doing Figure 5. 1 We keep our Ladies and Gentlemen informed on how well they are doing in many forms. They receive coaching from managers and peers on individual tasks throughout the day. Our education and training is designed to keep individuals up to date with business needs. The Corporate Director of Training and Development and the Hotel Directors of Training and Development have the responsibility to make ure that training stays current with business needs. To do this, they work with Human Resource and Quality Executives who input organization and job performance training requirements or revise existing ones. The flow of this process is shown in Figure 5. 2. Key developmental training needs are addressed through a core of courses that all employees receive. Daily, th ey receive information from the SQI report. Finally, they receive semi-annual performance appraisals on their general performance. The Authority to Make Changes The ability of our Ladies and Gentlemen to regulate ow work gets done is assured through Basic Standards set out in The Credo Card, â€Å"People have the right to be involved in the planning of the work that affects them†. All employees (regardless of their level in the company) receive the same mandatory two day orientation process, which includes classroom type training on The Gold Standards and The GreenBook (page 16). Deployment â€Å"DO† As shown in Figure 5. 2, we use input from employees and their supervisors in determining educational needs primarily via a review and analysis of our performance appraisal documents.The Hotel Director of Training and Development and the Quality Trainers also receive and consider direct feedback from Ritz-Carlton personnel. When training is designed, it is piloted and appr oved in a fashion similar to the new product and service development process described in Category 3. Participants in the pilot provide direct, candid feedback to the designers and instructors. The specific actions taken to deploy our approach range across a broad spectrum, but most significant activities consist of: (1) The Quality Selection process and (2) Employee Education, Training and Development.Our President and COO started as a waiter’s apprentice in Europe, and many of our executives started as front line personnel in Ritz-Carlton Hotels and were promoted as they rotated jobs. Therefore, training receives the highest attention in our company. 14 The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. 1999 Application Summary Departmental Trainer Evaluate Student Reaction/Needs Managers/Training Director Evaluate Performance appraisals/training results Vice-President, Quality Determine Organizational Performance Excellence Requirements Vice President, Human Resources Determine Orga nizationalDevelopmental Training Requirements Corp Director of Training and Development The Ritz-Carlton Design of Courses Confirm/Modify existing processes/Facilities Develop/Improve Courses/Processes/Facilities Project Team Codeveloped with supplier of new equipment/ Technology Outsource Figure 5. 2 â€Å"themes† of each job. The graph also contains comparative data which consists of industry and Ritz-Carlton norms. Although job induction training is classroom delivered by the Director of Training and Development and the General Manager, most training delivery is on-the-job. This onsists of: (1) daily line-up (2) self-study documents (3) developmental assignments and (4) training certification. Most training is evaluated through examinations, while other methods include audits, performance reviews and appraisals. Day 21 21 days after orientation, each orientation class reunites for a day of evaluation and debriefing. A similar session occurs on or near day 365. Approximatel y 80% of the training received by The Ritz-Carlton Ladies and Gentlemen is from in-house sources which allows us to have direct control over the method of training delivery and evaluation.